Adult Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
This motor speech disorder is characterized by articulatory groping, inconsistency, and prosodic errors without muscle weakness.
What is Acquired Apraxia of Speech?
The type of dysarthria caused by damage to the cerebellum is characterized by irregular breakdowns, prosodic excess, and "slurred" speech.
What is Ataxic Dysarthria?
These are the most common benign lesions caused by vocal abuse, typically found bilaterally at the junction of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the vocal folds.
What are Vocal Nodules?
Term used for food or liquid entering the airway above the level of the true vocal folds.
What is penetration?
This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel carrying oxygen to the brain is blocked by a clot.
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
This hallmark behavior of AOS involves "trial-and-error" movements of the articulators as they attempt to position them for speech.
What is groping?
This intensive treatment program is designed to increase vocal loudness and improve speech intelligibility, commonly used for Parkinson's patients.
What is LSVT LOUD (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment)?
This type of voice disorder is characterized by a "strained-strangled" quality and intermittent voice stoppages due to adductor laryngospasms.
What is Spasmodic Dysphonia?
List the 3 major phases of swallowing.
1. Oral phase - oral prep and oral transport
2. Pharyngeal phase
3. Esophageal phase
This term describes a persistent, involuntary repetition of a word or action, often seen in aphasia.
What is Perseveration?
List 2 treatment approaches for AOS.
What are Articulatory–Kinematic, Sensory Cueing, Word and Phrase–Focused, and Rate and Rhythm Control Approaches?
Type of dysarthria caused by Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) damage, resulting in breathiness, hypernasality, and nasal emission.
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
This type of endoscopy is inserted through the nasal cavity to allow visualization of anatomical structures during connected speech.
What is Flexible Endoscopy (FEES/FEESST)?
List 2-3 common impairments of the pharyngeal phase.
•Velopharyngeal port does not close
•Premature spillage
•Delayed swallow trigger
•Poor airway protection
•Penetration of foods/liquids into laryngeal vestibule (level of vocal folds)
•Aspiration of foods/liquids (past level of vocal folds)
These are three essential components of a motor speech evaluation.
What are Case History, Oral Motor Exam, and Speech/Speech Task Assessment?
Individuals with AOS typically have more difficulty with these types of words compared to shorter, monosyllabic words.
What are longer/multisyllabic words?
List the five speech subsystems targeted in dysarthria intervention.
What are Respiration, Phonation, Resonance, Articulation, and Prosody?
List the 3 resonating cavities.
What is the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity?
Gold standard for the evaluation of dysphagia.
What is the Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBS)? VFSS - Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study
This refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, which is the basis for rehabilitation.
What is Neuroplasticity?
List the 3 components of an apraxia of speech evaluation.
1. Case history information
2. Examination of oral mechanism during non-speech tasks
3. Assessment of perceptual characteristics during speech tasks
List the 7 subtypes of dysarthria.
Unilateral upper motor neuron (UUMN), spastic, flaccid, hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, ataxic, mixed.
List the 3 major categories of voice disorders.
What is organic (misuse or abuse of the voice), functional (physical/structural difference or damage to the voice mechanism caused by disease or trauma), and neurological (associated with CNS or PNS impairment)?
List 5 signs/symptoms of dysphagia.
Coughing, Choking, Throat clearing, Wet vocal quality, Low-grade fever, Weight loss, Pneumonia, Obstruction (“food caught”), Mouth or throat pain, Nasal regurgitation, Fear of eating/swallowing, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Changed eating habits?
This framework, commonly used by SLPs, classifies functioning and disability, focusing on body structures, activities, and participation.
What is the WHO ICF Framework?