This is a skill that children in the preoperational stage often lack. They often think that changing an object's appearance changes its basic properties.
A) Object permanence B) Conservation C)Metacognition
What is conservation
100
This type of attention involves focusing on one stimulus but ignoring others.
A) Sustained attention B)Divided attention C)Selective attention
What is selective attention
100
This term refers to an individual's level of mental development relative to others.
A) mental age B)chronological age C)achievement
What is: mental age
100
This refers to the ways words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
A) syntax B)phonemes C)morphemes D)pragmatics
What is syntax
100
The stage in Piaget's theory in which children's thinking becomes more abstract, and they develop advanced critical thinking skills.
Formal Operations stage
200
This is Vygotsky's term for the ideal level of difficulty for learning: Tasks are too difficult for children to master alone but can be mastered with assistance from adults or more-skilled children.
What is Zone of Proximal Development
200
This type of attention develops late in infancy and helps infants to engage in social interactions with a caregiver.
A)Executive attention B)Joint attention C)Divided attention
What is joint attention
200
This is the average score on an intelligence test and the center of the standardized curve.
What is: 100
200
This is the approach to learning to read in which children are given meaningful reading materials such as short stories or poems.
Phonics or whole-language
What is the whole-language approach
200
This term refers to already accumulated knowledge about a subject that influences the information a person notices and how they organize and interpret that information.
A)centration B)expertise C)fluid intelligence
What is expertise
300
This term describes a limitation of preoperational thought in which children have difficulty imagining situations from another person's perspective.
What is egocentrism
300
This describes the phenomenon of not remembering experiences before the age of 3.
What is Infantile Amnesia
300
This formula is used to calculate someone's IQ
What is:
mental age/chronological age X 100
300
Manner of speaking to children that includes using a higher pitch and simple words and sentences.
What is child-directed speech
300
"I go park" would be an example of a type of speech occurring, on average, between 18-24 months.
Telegraphic speech
400
Name two criticisms of Piaget's theory
What is underestimating children's skills at developmental stages and underestimating impact of culture and education. Also, some abilities appear to be more continuous rather than stage-like. Some individuals don't reach the Formal operations stage.
400
Name two strategies children learn to improve their memory.
What is: Organization (grouping, chunking), elaboration, imagery
400
Name four of Gardner's nine types of intelligence.
What is: verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, inerpersonal, naturalist, existentialist
400
Name two advantages of learning a language as a young child.
What is retaining more information, speaking like a native speaker, better pronunciation, better on overall knowledge of the language.
400
Name two of the three subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
What is Inattentive, Hyperactive, and Combined
500
Name two teaching strategies that Vygotsky encouraged.
What is
Assess ZPD,
Use ZPD in teaching,
Peers as teachers
Encourage use of private speech
500
Name three possible causes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
What is: Low levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine
brain abnormalities (reduced activity in areas --> attention and inhibition)
Teratogens
Genetics
500
Name two criteria needed to be diagnosed with mental retardation
What is IQ below 70, onset before 18, and inadequate adaptive functioning
500
Name two of the strategies (besides child-directed speech) that adults can use to help children acquire language skills more effectively.
What is Recasting/reflection, expanding, or labeling
500
Name two characteristics of gifted children.
IQ over 130, precocity, marching to own drummer, and passion to master