Mechanisms + Phylogeny
Which pattern of natural selection will select against both extremes?
Stabilizing
What was likely the first nucleic acid?
RNA
Unlike DNA, it is a part of the ribosome and can function as an enzyme
DNA eventually evolved as an exaptation
Which method of antibiotic resistance includes the bacteria cell changing a protein or molecule so it is not detected by the drug?
Stealth Mode
What is the term for the relationship between 2 organisms?
Symbiosis
A high surface area to volume ratio is (more/less) efficient than a low surface area to volume ratio.
More
(Analogous/Homologous) traits are used to produce phylogenetic trees.
Homologous Traits
True/False: The first cells were obligate aerobes.
False = Obligate ANAEROBES
What is the scientific name for the bacteria that is responsible for producing bioluminence in its symbiosis with the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid?
Vibrio fischeri
A photoheterotroph will get its carbon from which type of sources?
Carbon from organic molecules
Energy from the sun (light)
What type of evolution produces analogous traits?
Convergent Evolution
What are the two types of genetic drift?
Founders Effect and Bottleneck Event
List one process by which the first cells might have acquired energy.
Fermentation or Glycolysis
Used proteins to break down molecules and used inorganic molecules as a source of electrons
T/F Humans can't partake in HGT
False
What are archaea membranes composed of?
Isoprene chains linked to glycerol
Which of the following is true about eukaryotic chromosomes?
A. It is circular and composed of DNA
B. It is linear
C. Has histone proteins
D. Contains all the same alleles
B & C
Homoplasy: _______________ features that evolved ______________
ANALOGOUS Features (or molecular sequences) that evolved INDEPENDENTLY
T/F Ribosomes are apart of the endomembrane system
False
What method of sharing genes in bacteria is the equivalent of you catching the flu from someone who has blue eyes and after your eyes turn blue too?
Viral Pass
Which mechanisms of evolution are not involved in prokaryotic cells?
Non random mating
Genetic drift
What are the 3 mechanisms of bacteria sharing genes?
1. Funeral Grab
2. Viral Pass
3. Makin' Whoopee
What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution?
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Mutations
Natural Selection
Non-random Mating
What were some of the challenges to overcoming multicellularity? List at least 2
Adherence
Communication
Cell differentiation
What are the 3 defense maneuvers that can be used for antibiotic resistance?
1. Up Chuck
2. Stealth Mode
3. Ballistic Missile Defense
What are the 4 features of all living cells?
1. Cell membrane
2. Ribosomes
3. Genetic Material
4. Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Vacuoles
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
ER
Nuclear Envelope
Endosomes