Module 7-FCC of Child With Special Needs
Which nursing approach recognizes the parents as important experts in the care of their child with special needs?
A. Family-centered care
B. Task-centered care
C. Provider-centered care
D. Disease-centered care
A. Family-centered care
A hospitalized toddler begins using a pacifier again and asks to be fed. The nurse recognizes these behaviors as:
A. Independence
B. Regression
C. Normalization
D. Adaptation
B. Regression
A child has a barking cough and inspiratory stridor. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchiolitis
B. Croup
C. Asthma
D. Pneumonia
B. Croup
Which congenital heart defect is characterized by four abnormalities, including a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy?
A. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Atrial septal defect
D. Coarctation of the aorta
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
Which condition is characterized by red blood cells becoming rigid and sickle-shaped?
A. Hemophilia
B. Sickle cell disease
C. Thalassemia
D. Leukemia
B. Sickle cell disease
A child with a physical disability is encouraged to attend school, play with peers, and participate in community activities. Which concept is the nurse promoting?
A. Regression
B. Normalization
C. Isolation
D. Dependency
B. Normalization
Which intervention is most appropriate for reducing separation anxiety in a hospitalized young child?
A. Encourage parents to leave when the child is distracted
B. Limit parental visits so the child can adjust to the hospital
C. Encourage parents to participate in the child's care
D. Keep the child in the room alone between procedures
C. Encourage parents to participate in the child's care
A child with suspected epiglottitis is drooling, sitting upright, and leaning forward. Which action should the nurse avoid?
A. Keeping the child calm
B. Providing oxygen as prescribed
C. Inspecting the throat with a tongue blade
D. Preparing for possible airway management
C. Inspecting the throat with a tongue blade
An infant with a large ventricular septal defect has tachypnea, poor feeding, diaphoresis during feeding, and poor weight gain. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
A. Heart failure
B. Hypertension
C. Endocarditis
D. Dehydration
A. Heart failure
A child with hemophilia is at increased risk for prolonged bleeding because of a deficiency of:
A. Platelets
B. Clotting factors
C. White blood cells
D. Red blood cells
B. Clotting factors
The parents of a child with a developmental disability tell the nurse, "We don't know how we're going to manage all of this." Which nursing action best promotes family empowerment?
A. Tell the parents exactly what decisions they should make
B. Encourage the parents to rely primarily on healthcare providers
C. Provide information and resources so the parents can participate confidently in decisions
D. Recommend that the parents avoid discussing the child's condition with the child
C. Provide information and resources so the parents can participate confidently in decisions
A nurse needs to assess pain in a 1-year-old who cannot reliably describe the intensity of pain. Which assessment tool is most appropriate?
A. Numeric scale
B. FLACC scale
C. Faces Scale
D. COMFORT-B
B. FLACC scale
A child with asthma is having severe respiratory distress. Which finding is most concerning and requires immediate intervention?
A. Mild expiratory wheezing
B. Respiratory rate of 24/min
C. Ability to speak in complete sentences
D. Very diminished or absent breath sounds
D. Very diminished or absent breath sounds
A child with Kawasaki disease is being monitored for a serious cardiovascular complication. Which structure is most important for the nurse to assess?
A. Coronary arteries
B. Pulmonary veins
C. Carotid arteries
D. Renal arteries
A. Coronary arteries
A child receiving chemotherapy has a very low neutrophil count. Which complication is the child at greatest risk for?
A. Infection
B. Hypertension
C. Dehydration
D. Hyperglycemia
A. Infection
A child with autism spectrum disorder becomes distressed when the usual daily routine changes. Which intervention is most appropriate?
A. Change activities frequently to promote flexibility
B. Provide a predictable routine and prepare the child for changes
C. Avoid allowing the child to participate in daily activities
D. Use physical restraints whenever the child becomes upset
B. Provide a predictable routine and prepare the child for changes
A child has a chest tube following thoracic surgery. What is the primary purpose of the chest tube?
A. Deliver oxygen directly into the lungs
B. Remove air or fluid from the pleural space
C. Prevent all coughing after surgery
D. Administer IV medications
B. Remove air or fluid from the pleural space
A dehydrated child has a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which electrolyte imbalance does this laboratory value indicate?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyponatremia
Which assessment finding is most consistent with coarctation of the aorta?
A. Higher blood pressure in the legs than the arms
B. Equal blood pressure in all extremities
C. Higher blood pressure in the arms than the legs
D. Decreased blood pressure in both arms and legs
C. Higher blood pressure in the arms than the legs
A child is receiving a packed red blood cell transfusion. Fifteen minutes after the transfusion begins, the child develops a fever, chills, and back pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Slow the transfusion rate and continue to monitor
B. Stop the transfusion and maintain IV access with normal saline
C. Administer acetaminophen and continue the transfusion
D. Increase the transfusion rate to complete it quickly
B. Stop the transfusion and maintain IV access with normal saline
A 16-year-old with a chronic health condition is preparing to leave pediatric care. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Have the parents continue making all healthcare decisions
B. Begin transition planning that promotes the adolescent's independence in healthcare
C. Wait until the adolescent turns 18 before discussing adult healthcare
D. Encourage the adolescent to avoid discussing the condition with adult providers
B. Begin transition planning that promotes the adolescent's independence in healthcare
A child with a tracheostomy suddenly develops increased work of breathing and diminished air movement. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Offer oral fluids
B. Assess the tracheostomy for obstruction and suction as indicated
C. Place the child flat in bed
D. Remove the tracheostomy tube immediately
B. Assess the tracheostomy for obstruction and suction as indicated
A toddler suddenly develops severe intermittent abdominal pain, draws the knees toward the chest, and later passes a "currant jelly" stool containing blood and mucus. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Gastroesophageal reflux
B. Hirschsprung disease
C. Intussusception
D. Appendicitis
C. Intussusception
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot suddenly becomes severely cyanotic and has increased respiratory distress. Which intervention should the nurse perform?
A. Place the child in the knee-chest position
B. Place the child flat on the back
C. Encourage vigorous exercise
D. Restrict oxygen administration
A. Place the child in the knee-chest position
A child with leukemia develops oozing from IV sites, petechiae, bruising, and bleeding from the gums. Laboratory results show low platelets and prolonged PT and aPTT. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
A. Tumor lysis syndrome
B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
C. Hyperleukocytosis
D. Sickle cell crisis
B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)