Practice Quiz
A client comes into the office with the following symptoms: restlessness, feels keyed up, problems focusing, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance. They share that worry is a constant in their life and they tend to worry about everything. The most likely diagnosis would be:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The correct answer is Generalized Anxiety Disorder, see page 250 in the DSM-5-TR. While depression and anxiety can share many of the same symptoms, there is no mention of a traumatic event, anhedonia, feeling hopeless or helpless, use of substances, etc.
Susan is struggling with motivation to do anything since her accident. The nurse practitioner believes that she has damaged which area of the brain?
Hippocampus
Hippocampus: (located in the temporal lobe of each cerebral cortex.)
Part of the limbic system and regulates motivation, emotion, learning and memory. See your Anatomy Review PowerPoint.
A client presents with complaints of changes in appetite, feeling fatigued, problems with the sleep-rest cycle, and changes in libido. What is the neuroanatomical area of the brain that is responsible for normal regulation of these functions?
Hypothalamus
Persons with OCD disorder often use isolation as a defense mechanism. Which of the following examples best describes isolation as a defense mechanism
describe information with very little affect variation
Hyperactivity in which region of the brain distinguishes obsessive convulsive disorder from other anxiety disorder
Oribtofrontal cortex
Striatal regions
Anterior cingulate cortex
In order to diagnose a client with Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a time criteria must be met. How long must a client display symptoms in order to be diagnosed with GAD?
6 months
page 250 of the DSM-5-TR, six months is required in order to diagnose with GAD.
Henry is being seen in follow up in the clinic. He had a stroke approximately two months ago. He is having a great deal of difhiculty expressing himself verbally. The area of the brain which is linked to speech production would be:
Broca's Area
The Broca area is a region in the frontal lobe in the dominant hemisphere, usually the left of the brain with functions linked to speech production, language processing, and language comprehension, as well as controlling facial neurons. Damage to the Broca's area, such as from a stroke will generally lead to Broca's aphasia. Broca's aphasia is the inability to express speech. From your Anatomy Review PowerPoint.
The primary excitatory neurotransmitter is
Glutamate
Which of the following is NOT an example of monoamine neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
The PMHNP notes that a patient with frontotemporal dementia has difficulty with executive functioning suggesting damage to
prefrontal cortex
Compulsions are the recurrent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced which cause marked distress or anxiety for a client with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
True
False
False: Compulsions are the repetitive behaviors and obsessions are the recurrent thoughts/ images/urges. See page 265 of the DSM-5-TR.
The role of neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is to function as:
A communication medium
A client who is experiencing difficulties with working memory, planning, and prioritizing, insight into his problems, and impulse control presents for assessment. In planning his care, the PMHNP should apply his or her knowledge that these symptoms represents problems with the
Frontal lobe
Which of the following neurotransmitter is implicated in regulation of sleep, mood, pain, and appetite
Serotonin
When asking a pt cranial MRI, notes atrophy of hippocampus
inability to form NEW LONG-TERM memoris
A client was in a serious motor vehicle accident two weeks ago and continues to have recurrent dreams, flashbacks of the event. The client is unable to ride in a motor vehicle without significant stress and actively avoids trying to go anywhere as a consequence. The client is having problems concentrating and sleeping and is failing their schoolwork. What is the most likely diagnosis for the client?
Acute Stress Disorders
See page 313 of the DSM-5-TR: The client is experiencing the same symptoms of PTSD, however the traumatic event occurred less than one month ago. In order to diagnosis with PTSD the symptoms must be present for one month. In this case, the diagnosis wc Acute Stress Disorders. Yo
answer. This was the corre
Stress Disorder because the symptoms are greater than u uays anu less than one month. There is no evidence of a thought disorder, flashbacks are not considered hallucinations but rather a re-enactment of a stressful event. Conversion disorder entails somatic symptoms within the context of PTSD and there is not enough information in the vignette above to prove conversion.
Serotonin is produced in which for the following locations
Rahpe nuclei
When conducting a neurological examination on a client, the PMHNP asks the client to hold out her arms and stick out her tongue while assessing for tremors. Which CN is being assessed?
Hypoglossal
Which CN is associated with the "facial" anticholingeric effects of dry mouth, decreased, resp secretions, and decreased tearing
VII
26-year-old experienced frequent injuries because of impaired pain sensation and exhibited increasingly careless hygiene, difficultly writing, and calculations and frequent failure to keep appointments or keep track of time
parietal lobes
A client is having difficulty experiencing pleasure. Which area of the brain may be affected?
Amygdala
The amygdala, a critical component of the reactive reward system and part of the mesolimbic pathway (pleasure center) of the brain. See your Anatomy Review PowerPoint.
Dopamine is produced in which of the following locations:
Substantia nigra
Which defense mechanism are commonly used by persons with OCD disorder
rationalization, isolation, intellectualization
Which of the following symptoms in acute stress disorder is classified as an "arousal" symptoms
Problems concentration
The structure in the brain that plays a role in emotional memories in:
amygdala