People to Know
Who untied the Medes and Persians under the Achaemenid house?
Cyrus the Great
1. Darius adds the Indus River Valley to Persia
2. Cambyses adds Egypt to Persia
3. Cyrus defeats Medes
3, 2, 1,
Ionia
What does Ahriman represent in Zoroastrianism?
evil
Why was polygamy restricted to just the upper class in Persian society?
A man was required to provide for each wife and family above the poverty line and only the rich could do so.
Darius the Great set up what type of a political system? It was also copied by Alexander the Great.
Satraps
Rather than being formed around rivers as with other areas we have studied, the Persian Empire developed in what type of an environment?
Arid plateau
Tomyris
1. Cyrus defeats Medes
2. Alexander the Great conquers Persia
3. Ionian Revolt
1, 3, 2,
What treaty finally freed Ionia from Persian rule
Peace of Callias
What does Ahura Mazda represent in Zoroastrianism?
light
This Greek city-state was well known for their philosophers, intellectuals, and artists.
Athens
The ruler (who was chosen by God)
Athens founded what group to act as their allies and take war to Persia to free the Ionian city-states and ensure that Persians had no power in the Aegean Sea?
Delian League
This ruler is associated with the height of Athenian power and the Classical Greek culture.
1. Darius invades Greece
2. Xerxes invades Greece
3. Alexander invades Persia
1, 2, 3,
The King's Peace
What type of religion is Zoroastrianism? Monotheistic or Polytheistic?
Monotheistic
Greeks were obsessed with the human form and often showed it in which pose?
Why was political unification difficult in Greece?
Mountainous geography (too divided)
Who was Alexander the Great's tutor?
Aristotle
This Persian ruler was the first not directly tied to Cyrus the Great, but under his rule, the Persian Empire spread to its greatest heights.
Darius the Great
1. Peloponnesian War
2. Ionian Revolt
3. Darius Invades Greece
2, 3, 1,
Who brought the Persian Empire to an end?
Alexander the Great
The Greek religion revolved around 12 main gods who lived where?
Mount Olympus
What term is used to describe the age after the fall of Greece when all of the Mediterranean regions seemed to mix and influence one another?
What term is used to describe the political organization of Greek civilization? (Hint: this is where the term political comes from)
Polis
What Greek demi-god was Alexander the Great obsessed with emulating (being just like)?
Achilles
This ruler was only 23 when he took over the empire his father had started and spread it to include Greece, Persia, Egypt, parts of Northern Africa, and as far west as the Indus River.
Alexander the Great
1. Peloponnesian League created
2. Minos
3. Delian League created
4. Mycenae
5. Athens/Sparta become leading city-states
2, 4, 5, 1, 3
Which two Greek city-states were most often at war with one another?
Athens and Sparta
humans
Which culture possessed a writing system so complex that it has still not been deciphered to this day?
Minoans
This Greek city-state is often deemed the birth place of democracy, though their form of government was more limited in nature than a true democracy.
Athens
What amateur German archeologist proved that both Troy and Mycenae existed?
Heinrich Schliemann
This ruler was king of Macedon and took advantage of the weakness caused by the decades of fighting during the Peloponnesian War to invade and conquer Greece.
Philip II of Macedon
1. Alexander invades the Indus River Valley
2. Alexander cuts the Gordian Knot
3. Alexander conquers Egypt
2, 3, 1
What conflict was Thucydides referring to when he stated, "The thing that made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear this caused in Sparta?" (Hint: This is also known as the Suicide of Greece)
Peloponnesian War
What do we call the religion wherein minor gods and goddesses are worshipped by humans in an effort to gain eternal life themselves?
Mystery religions
This Greek city-state was most well known for their soldiers and militaristic culture.
Sparta
This Greek city-state was run by two hereditary kings and a council of 20 men; altogether they were considered an oligarchy.
Sparta
What is the sacred text compiled by the Magi in Zoroastianism called?
Avesta
Socrates
2. Alexander becomes ruler of Persia
3. Alexnder cuts the Gordian Knot
3, 2, 1
This battle was known as being the last waged in Greece by Darius the Great as his much larger army lost nearly 1/3 of its soldiers (6,000) where the Greeks only lost 192 men. (Hint: It was just over 26 miles from Athens).
Battle of Marathon
Which god was appropriated from Zoroastrianism into the Greek religions? (Hint: he is often portrayed as wrestling and overcoming a bull in Greek mythology, but he was considered the main deputy over humans in Zoroastrianism)
Mithras
What two books are responsible for our only knowledge of Mycenae and Troy? (Hint: they were written by Homer in the 8th century BCE)
the Iliad and the Odyssey
Which civilization was so obsessed with their economy that we have lists of everything they even created and traded, but not one mention of any of their rulers?
Mycenaeans
The Ordinance of Good Regulation used by Darius the Great was based on which Mesopotamian ordinance?
Hammurabi's Code