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Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement v. Punishment
Theories & Types of Reinforcement
Schedules/ Complex Schedules of Reinforcement
Chapter 9
100
The founder of operant conditioning. Used cats and puzzle boxes to understand reinforcement and reward AND EMOTIONS.
Who is Thorndike?
100
Consequences increases probability of future behaviors
What is reinforcement?
100
This type of reinforcers becomes associated with a variety of primary reinforcers.
What is a generalized secondary reinforcer? 
100
This schedule requires a specific amount of time to pass before the reward is available.
What is fixed interval schedule?
100
This is known as a return of behavior from an earlier stage of training for the behavior being extinguished
What is resurgence?
200
These are the two types of behavior proposed by Skinner.
What is respondent and operant behavior? (know the differences)
200
Giving a child a sticker for cleaning their room is an example of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
200
This type of reinforcer typically comes from the act of the behavior itself
What are intrinsic reinforcers?
200
This schedule requires a certain number of responses for the reward to be provided.
What is fixed ratio schedule?
200

A reappearance of an extinguished behavior after a rest period.

What is spontaneous recovery?


300
The three main components of operant conditioning
What are:

1)response/behavior with a consequence

2)Consequence either increases or decreases future behavior

3) a discriminative stimulus that proceeds behavior and identifies a consequence is available (warning signal)

300
Detention is an example of this.
What is negative punishment?
300
This theory considers both the response and the reinforcers as behaviors.
What is the Premack Principle?
300
This is when more than one reinforcement schedule is in operation at the same time.
Complex Schedules
300
In escape, the learner ____ the aversive stimulus and is reinforced for removing oneself from it, but in avoidance the learner never ____ the aversive stimulus
What is experiences?
400
Labels of reinforcer, punisher, discriminative stimulus, discriminative stimulus for punishment, and response.

What are SR, SP, SD, SDp, R?

400

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a appetitive response.

What is negative reinforcement?


400
This theory of reinforcement focuses on maximizing your reward
What is the behavioral bliss approach?
400
The result in this complex schedule is that you will get an increased response to the first schedule and less in the 2nd because there is less of a reward.
Negative Contrast Effect
400
Obsessions increase anxiety and compulsions decrease anxiety in this disorder.
What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
500
Difference between Operant and Classical Condtioning
Operant conditioning is set up as a response-> stimulus, whereas classical condition is stimulus -> response. Also classical conditioning involves a reflex whereas operant conditioning does not. SOMETIMES THEY CAN OCCUR TOGETHER THOUGH.
500
Aversive stimulus is added to decrease the likelihood of that negative behavior occuring again.
What is positive punishment?
500
This theory looks at how if you deprive an organism from a behavior they will desire that behavior even more.
What is the response deprivation hypothesis?
500
This complex schedule typically results in behaviors that are weaker in the earlier links than the end ones.
What is the chained schedule?


500
An aversive event that a person can not control or escape from such as abuse can cause this.
What is Learned Helplessness?