Integumentary System
What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
What is the most severe type of skin cancer?
Melanoma
What is the name of the bone cell that breaks down bone?
Osteoclast
What is the largest layer of the dermis?
Reticular layer
What is the name for a mature bone cell?
Osteocyte
What is the main function of the hypodermis?
Energy reserve/fat storage?
What is the skin disorder caused by over active T cells?
Psoriasis
What are the three segments of a bone?
Epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis
What is the function of an osteoblast?
To build bone
Which layer of the epidermis is only found on the palms and soles of feet?
Stratum lucidum
What is the name of the muscle that causes goosebumps?
Arrector pili
What are 3 factors that influence the aging of skin?
Time, genetics, UV exposure, weight, cigarette smoking
What is the difference in function between yellow and red bone marrow?
Yellow bone marrow: fat storage
Red bone marrow: production of blood cells
Name 2 changes to the integumentary system with age not related to the skin (hair, nails, glands)
Hair: thins + changes color to gray/white
Nails: become brittle, grow slower, yellow, vertical ridges.
Glands: secretions decrease -> poor thermoregulation
How do genetics contribute to aging of the skin?
Fiber production (collagen, elastin) is controlled by genetics.
What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.
What is the difference between UVA and UVB radiation?
UVA: longer wavelength, causes photo damage
UVB: shorter wavelength, causes sunburn
What is an example of:
1) A long bone:
2) A flat bone:
1) Metatarsals, femur, humerus
2) Skull, sternum
In what layer of the epidermis do cells begin to die?
Stratum granulosum
Which bone segment contains the most spongy bone marrow?
What are the two types of sudoriferous glands and where are they located?
Apocrine: armpits and pubic region
Eccrine: everywhere else except palms and soles of feet
Name and describe 2 types of dermatitis.
- Stasisdermatitis: occurs when fluid builds up in the lower limbs due to varicose veins or other circulatory conditions
Contact dermatitis (allergic or irritant) – occurs when contact with clothing, jewelry, soaps, etc. irritate the skin
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – the cause is largely unknown
Neurodermatitis–occurs due to repeated scratching of a localized area forming leathery or scaly patches
Perioral dermatitis: bumps appearing around the mouth, possibly caused by overuse of steroid inhalers or creams
Seborrheic dermatitis: irritation found on oily areas of the body such as the scalp, may cause dandruff (AKA cradle cap in infants)
What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?
1) Encasement and protection of organs
2) Support
3) Movement
4) Hematopoiesis
5) Calcium and phosphate homeostasis
Which type of bone marking is a:
1) Epicondyle
2) Fossa
1) Projection
2) Depression
What is the difference between pacinian corpuscles and meissner's corpuscles?
Meissner's: light touch/pressure
Pacinian: deep touch/pressure