Verbal
the interpretive meaning of a word vs. the dictionary definition
Connotative vs. Denotative Meaning
involves two components: our physical characteristics & artifacts we adorn & surround ourselves
Personal Presentation
a process of receiving, constructing meaning from, & responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages
Listening
a message that is rephrased in your own words
model used to illustrate how language can range from concrete to abstract
Hayakawa's Ladder of Abstraction
the five types of nonverbal communication
Kinesics, Oculesics, Haptics, Vocalics, Proxemics, & Chronemics
lighting, temperature, physiological noise, & psychological noise
Environmental & Physical Barriers
a listener's replication of the nonverbal signals of a speaker
messages that include mixed or misleading expressions
Contaminated Messages
proxemic distances
Intimate, Personal, Social, & Public
speech vs. thought rate & selective attention
Cognitive & Personal Barriers
BONUS: nonverbal comm carries approximately __ of the meaning in the average conversation
Two-thirds
conclusions based on thoughts/speculation vs. subjective expressions of approval/disapproval
Inferences vs. Judgments
the three types of gestures + core facial expressions
Adaptors, Emblems, & Illustrators / Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger, & Disgust
four styles of listening
People-oriented, Action-oriented, Content-oriented, & Time-oriented
four types of listening
Discriminative, Informational, Critical, & Empathetic
the five functions of language
guidelines for interpreting nonverbal communication
strategies for creating listenable messages
Shorter sentences, Personal pronouns, Lists, Transitions, Relevant examples
five stages of the listening process
Receiving, Interpreting, Recalling, Evaluating, & Responding