Integumentary and Joints
The cutaneous membrane is
What is Skin - reticular layer of the dermis?
Covers of blood vessels and their content
What is
1. Tunica Intima - Endothelium
2. Tunica Media - Smooth Muscles and external elastic membrane
3. Tunica Externa - Dense Irregular CT (Collagen Fiber and Elastic Fiber)
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Types of Ribs
What is
1. True Ribs (1st-7th rib)
2. False Ribs (8th-10th rib)
3. Floating Ribs (11th-12th rib)
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Right vs. Left main bronchus
What is
1. Right main bronchus is wider and shorter and runs more vertically than the left
2. Let main bronchus is longer and narrower
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The 4 opening of the right atrium
What is
1. SVC
2. IVC
3. Coronary Sinus
4. AV Orifice
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The layers in the thick skin from outermost to innermost.
What is Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale?
Describe the pulmonary and systemic circulatory pathways
What is pulmonary begans at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium while systemic begins at the left ventricle and ends at the right atrium?
Atypical vs. Typical Ribs
Difference between the right and left hilum of the lung
What is in the left hilum, the pulmonary artery lies superior to the left main bronchus while in the right hilum both pulmonary arteries and right bronchus lies superior?
Branches of the Aorta
What is Brachiocephalic, Left Subclavian, and Left Common Carotid?
4 cell types found in the epidermis
What is langerhans cell, melanocytes, merkle cells, and keratinocytes?
Right lymphatic duct vs. thoracic duct
What is right lymphatic duct collects the right upper-limbs and right head/neck while the thoracic collects the rest?
Fiber Direction of the intercostal muscles
What is
1. External Intercostal : Medially and Inferiorly
2. Internal Intercostal: Laterally and Superiorly
3. Innermost Intercostal: Downwards
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Name four impression on the left hilum
What is
1. Cardiac Notch
2. Lingula
3. Arch of Aorta
4. Descending Aorta
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Branches of of the Right and Left Coronary Artery
What is
1. RCA Branches = SA Nodal, Right Marginal, Posterior IV, and AV Nodal
2. LCA Branches = SA Nodal, Anterior IV, Circumflex, and Left Marginal
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Synovial Joints and their examples
What is
Plain : Acromioclavical, Sacroilliac, Intertarsal, Intercarparl
Condyloid : Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal
Hinge : Knee, Ankle, elbow, and interphalangeal
Saddle : 1st metacarpophalengeal (thumb)
Ball & Socket : Hip and Shoulder
Pivot: C1/C2 and Proximal radio-ulnar ?
List 8 differences of blood vessels
What is
1. Arteries and veins run side by side
2. Arteries have thicker walls and greater BP
3. Collapsed artery has small and round lumen
4. Vein has a large and flat lumen
5. Vein lining contracts and artery lining don't
6. Artery lining folds
7. Arteries are more elastic
8. Veins have valves
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Muscle responsible for normal respiration and its innervation.
What is diaphragm and phrenic nerve?
Lungs are supplied by
What is the autonomic nervous system?
1. Parasympathetic = Vagus Nerve
2. Sympathetic Truck
Name the structures in the Superior Mediastinum in order
What is Thymus, Veins (Brachiocephalic, Subclavian, IJV), Arteries (Arch of Aorta and its branches), Airways (Trachea), Alimentary (Esophagus), and lymphatic Trunk (right and thoracic duct)?
Types of Fibrous and Cartilaginous
What is
Fibrous consists of sutures, gomphosis, and syndesmosis and cartilaginous consists of primary and secondary?
The 4 types of capillaries and their location
What is
1. Continuous Capillaries: Found in all tissue except epithelia and cartilage
2. Specialized Continuous Capillaries: Found in blood brain barrier, placenta blood barrier and testes blood barrier
3. Fenestrated Capillaries: Found in kidneys, intestinal tracts, and choroid plexus
4. Sinusoids: Found in bone marrow, spleen, liver, and endocrine organs ?
List the Sternal Angles
What is
1. Intervertebral Disc between T4 and T5
2. 2nd rib articulation
3. Thoracic Ducts shift from right to left
4. Sternomandibular Joint
5. Beginning and ending of arch of Aorta
6. Bifurcation of Trachea
7. Bifurcation of Pulmonary Trunks
8. Separation of inferior and superior mediastinum
9. Azygous vein meets SVC
10. Left recurrent laryngeal looping under the arch
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Arterial Supplies for the right vs left lung
What is
1. Left: 2 bronchial arteries directly from thoracic aorta
2. Right: 1 bronchial artery directly or indirectly thoracic artery (Right 3rd intercostal Artery)
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List 5 true statements about the Esophagus
1. Located in the superior mediastinum
2. Between trachea and T1-T4 vertebrae and continues to T10
3. Passes through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm at T10
4. Compressed by 3 structures: Arch of Aorta, Left Main Bronchus, and Diaphragm
5. Fibromuscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
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