Cells
10-100 um
two or more linear DNA molecules in
nucleus
Ribosomes (free or attached to ER)
Compartments (membrane-bound
organelles)
some have cell walls (chitin or cellulose)
Eukaryotic cell
I perform protein synthesis
Ribosomes
This type of Membrane Protein penetrates the
phospholipid bilayer and is amphipathic
Integral proteins
movement of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Numerous small hair-like structures that are used for movement
Cilia
1-10 um
NO nucleus
circular DNA molecule (chromosome) in nucleoid region
free ribosomes
Prokaryotic cell
Enzyme filled sacs found only in plant cells
Vacuole
These membrane carbohydrates are involved in cell-to-cell recognition.
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
Substance moves through specific channel or carrier proteins.
Facilitated diffusion
channel proteins (connexons) facilitate communication between cells.
Gap Junctions
Mitochondria & chloroplasts originated when
larger prokaryotes engulfed, but did not digest,
smaller prokaryotes
Endosymbiont Theory
Network of membranes important for processing and transporting materials for the cell.
Endomembrane system
This type of membrane protein does not penetrate
the bilayer and is hydrophilic
Peripheral proteins
Transports two different substances in the same direction
Symport
Transports two different substances in the opposite direction
Antiports
What are the 3 principles of the cell theory?
Cell are the basic unit of life
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
Receives material from the ER, and puts the final touches on molecules
Golgi apparatus
membrane proteins form a seal; do NOT permit movement between cells.
Tight Junctions
Cell engulfs small dissolved materials
Pinocytosis
Important for breaking down hydrogen peroxide in animal cells
Peroxisomes
Cell size is limited by a cell's _______________ A smaller cell is more effective and transporting materials, including waste products, than a larger cell. As a cell grows, its volume increases more quickly than its surface area.
surface area to volume ratio.
Condenses into chromosomes when the cell is ready to divide
Chromatin
membrane proteins form “spot” welds; permit movement between cells.
Desmosomes
Cell engulfs large particles or cells
Phagocytosis
This organelle carries materials around the cell
Vesicles