Biological Clocks
Snooze Science
Nocturnal Knowledge
Parenting Power Plays
Attachment Adventures
Milestones and Magic
Psychology of Growing Up
100
As the night falls, Sally starts feeling sleepy, and her body begins to wind down for rest. What hormone is likely to be secreted by her pineal gland to regulate her sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
100
True or False - Insomnia not a type of Hyperinsomnia
True
It's a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, leading to inadequate sleep quality and daytime impairment.
100
Picture yourself in the middle of a fascinating, action-packed dream. You're likely experiencing this stage of sleep, marked by vivid, intense dreaming. What is the name of this stage?
REM
100
Philip's parents are characterized as nurturing, responsive, and supportive, valuing the child's autonomy.
What parenting style is this & what kind of impact does this style have on Philip?
Authoritative Parenting;
Develops the strength to endure hardships and to continue following his interests and passions.
Positive impact on autonomy and self-esteem
100
True or False:
Julia, a preschooler, becomes highly distressed when their caregiver leaves and is difficult to console upon their return, this behavior is characteristic of secure attachment, which fosters trust in future relationships and a strong sense of security.
False
100
Emma, a 9-month-old baby, often plays peek-a-boo with her caregiver. Emma's face lights up with joy when her caregiver reappears after covering her face with a blanket.
What cognitive stage is Emma currently experiencing, and what is the primary cognitive milestone of this stage?
Sensorimotor Stage; Developing object permanence.
100
In Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the term for the first stage, where infants learn to trust their caregivers and develop a sense of security?
Trust vs. Mistrust stage
200
Jerry works night shifts regularly and struggles to adjust to his sleep-wake schedule. What is the term for the internal biological clock that regulates his sleep patterns and makes it difficult to adapt to this shift?
Circadian Rhythm
200
In your deep slumber, you're in a stage of sleep where your brain produces slow delta waves, and it's tough to wake you up. If someone does wake you, you'll likely feel disoriented. What stage are you in?
Stage 3 or Stage 4
Slow-Wave Sleep
200
Imagine you're about to fall asleep, and suddenly, you feel a sensation of being held down with an inability to move or scream. What sleep phenomenon is this and when is it most commonly to take place?
Sleep Paralysis
Entering or Exiting REM
200
Sarah's parents rarely set rules or enforce boundaries, allowing Sarah to make most decisions, even when it might not be in her best interest.
What parenting style is this & what kind of impact does this style have on Sarah?
Permissive Parenting;
Sarah may struggle with discipline and boundaries
200
Sarah, a toddler, is upset when her mother leaves the room but quickly calms down and happily explores her surroundings when her mother returns.
What type of attachment style is Sarah displaying, and how might this attachment style affect her future relationships and sense of security?
Secure Attachment;
Sarah's secure attachment style may lead to positive, trusting relationships and a strong sense of security in the future.
200
Lucas, a 3-year-old, believes that the moon follows him wherever he goes.
What cognitive stage and what is the primary cognitive characteristic of this stage?
Preoperational Stage; Egocentrism
200
In a scenario where Maria, a 35-year-old, is deeply committed to her career and seeks to make a meaningful impact in her chosen field while also nurturing her family and maintaining close relationships.
What positive outcome might Maria experience in this stage and how could it contribute to her overall well-being?
The positive outcome is generativity;
It can lead to a sense of fulfillment, purpose, and a strong connection with family and community.
300
A person's body temperature gradually rises during the day, reaching its peak in the late afternoon. What aspect of the Circadian rhythm is responsible for this temperature pattern?
Sleep-Wake Cycle
300
You're looking to quickly recharge your energy and enhance alertness during the day. What type of nap should you take & which sleep stage does it primarily occur?
Power nap and it primarily targets lighter NREM.
300
Imagine you've been sleep-deprived for several nights, and when you finally get a full night's rest, you experience more dreams than normal. What phenomenon are you likely encountering?
REM Rebound
300
Mary's parents are often preoccupied with their own lives, rarely engaging with her emotional needs or activities.
What parenting style is this & what kind of impact does this style have on Mary?
Neglectful Parenting;
Lack of trust in herself and others. Unable to form healthy relationships
300
What term describes an attachment style characterized by inconsistent and unpredictable behavior in relationships, often marked by a mix of anxious and avoidant behaviors?
Individuals with this attachment style may have experienced disorganized or traumatic caregiving during their early years.
Anxious-Disorganized
In adult relationships, this attachment style can manifest as unpredictable and tumultuous relationships, difficulty in regulating emotions, and a struggle to maintain stable and healthy connections with others.
300
Ethan, a 5-year-old, frequently experiences disapproval from his caregivers when he attempts to assert himself or take on new responsibilities. He begins to feel guilty about his efforts and becomes hesitant to try new things.
What negative outcome is Ethan at risk of in this stage, and how might it affect his future development?
Negative outcome is guilt;
It could result in self-doubt and difficulties in taking initiative.
300
Sophie, an 85-year-old, reflects on her life and embraces the wisdom and experiences she has gained. She expresses a deep sense of acceptance and readiness for the end of life.
What is the name of this psychosocial stage, and what is the central crisis or challenge that individuals like Sophie face during this stage?
Integrity vs. Despair ;
The central crisis is reflecting on one's life with a sense of acceptance and wisdom.
400
You've just completed a long-haul flight that took you from New York to London, and you're feeling quite disoriented. Despite the local time showing morning, your body is convinced it's still the middle of the night. What term describes this phenomenon when your body's internal clock lags behind the local time after eastward travel?
Phase Delay
400
At what stage of life do people generally require less sleep, and which specific sleep stage also decreases during this time?
Adulthood & REM
400
After completing two sleep cycles, individuals typically transition between what two stages for the remainder of the night?
REM & Stage 2
400
Henry's parents are characterized by high demands, strict rules, and little room for flexibility. They believe in unquestioned obedience and rarely allow him to express his opinions or make choices.
What parenting style is this & what kind of impact does this style have on Henry?
Authoritarian Parenting;
Henry was deprived of the chance to make his own decisions and pursue his intrinsic interests, leaving him uncertain about his true desires. He leads a life aimed at pleasing others rather than himself.
This lack of autonomy and opportunities to express himself can have a negative impact on his self-esteem
400
Olivia, an infant, seems indifferent when her caregiver leaves the room and displays little emotion upon their return.
What type of attachment style is Olivia displaying, and how might this attachment style affect her future relationships and emotional well-being?
Anxious-Avoidant Attachment; This attachment style is characterized by indifference or minimal emotional response when the caregiver leaves and returns
Olivia's attachment style may lead to difficulty forming close emotional bonds in the future.
400
Mia, a teenager, is exploring her identity, values, and beliefs. She's questioning her role in society and is seeking a sense of purpose.
What psychosocial stage is Mia likely experiencing, and what is the central crisis of this stage?
Identity vs. Role Confusion;
The central crisis is forming a stable sense of self.
400
Jennifer, a 2-year-old, often encounters situations where her caregivers criticize her attempts at independence, causing her to feel self-doubt and uncertainty.
What negative outcome might Jennifer experience in this second stage, and how could it impact her future relationships?
Shame and doubt;
It might lead to difficulties in asserting independence and forming unhealthy relationships.
500
What two factors tend to increase the severity of the symptoms of jet lag?
Crossing many time zones & west to east travel
500
Imagine you're in the middle of a cozy nap. As you begin to relax, your brain enters a stage of sleep with sleep spindles and K complexes.
What stage is this? Explain how sleep spindles and K complexes work together and their purpose.
Stage 2
Sleep spindles & response to unexpected or significant sensory events, potentially protecting your sleep by enhancing arousal if needed.
500
You have 45 seconds to draw the entire sleep cycle
500
Sarah's parents consistently provide her with warmth, responsiveness, and guidance while allowing her to express her opinions and make choices within reasonable limits.
What type of parenting style are Sarah's parents exhibiting, and how might it influence Sarah's attachment style?
Authoritative Parenting;
Sarah's parents' authoritative parenting style may contribute to her development of a secure attachment style.
500
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, what term is used to describe children who display intense distress and difficulty calming down when their primary caregiver leaves the room, and they are hesitant to be comforted upon their return?
This attachment style is characterized by a strong desire for proximity and reassurance.
Anxious-Ambivalent
500
Alex, an 8-year-old, frequently faces criticism and feelings of incompetence when he attempts to learn new skills or meet expectations. He starts to doubt his abilities and may struggle with a sense of inferiority.
What negative outcome might Alex experience in this stage, and how could it impact his future development?
Possible negative outcome is inferiority;
It might lead to self-doubt and difficulties in pursuing competence.
500
Mark, a 70-year-old, experiences regrets and feelings of unfulfilled aspirations when reflecting on his life. He becomes overwhelmed by a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.
What negative outcome might Mark experience in this seventh stage, and how could it affect his overall well-being?
Possible negative outcome is despair;
It might lead to a sense of hopelessness, regret, and dissatisfaction with life.