100
- ________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.
- A) Perception; transduction
- B) Perception; sensation
- C) Transduction; perception
- D) Sensation; perception
100
- Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?
- A) corneal
- B) acoustic
- C) optic
- D) gustatory
100
- What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
- A) conditioning
- B) instincts
- C) learning
- D) reflexes
100
- Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
- A) fixed interval
- B) fixed ratio
- C) variable interval
- D) variable ratio
100
- What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?
- A) explicit memories
- B) implicit memories
- C) sensory memories
- D) short-term memories
300
- Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept?
- A) bottom-up processing
- B) inattentional blindness
- C) sensory adaptation
- D) top-down processing
- B) inattentional blindness
300
- The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe.
- A) frontal
- B) parietal
- C) occipital
- D) temporal
300
- In Pavlov’s classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.
- A) learned
- B) instinctive
- C) reflexive
- D) reactive
300
- Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
- A) fixed interval
- B) fixed ratio
- C) variable interval
- D) variable ratio
300
- In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.
- A) declarative memory
- B) hyperthymesia
- C) rehearsal
- D) relearning
300
- The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.
- A) crest; trough
- B) amplitude; length
- C) trough; crest
- D) length; amplitude
300
- Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.
- A) kinesthesia
- B) nociception
- C) preconception
- D) thermoception
300
- You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.
- A) operant conditioning
- B) stimulus discrimination
- C) stimulus generalization
- D) higher-order conditioning
- B) stimulus discrimination
300
- Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?
- A) blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room
- B) determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing
- C) pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red
- D) rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
- D) rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
300
- When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory.
- A) transience
- B) recognition
- C) recall
- D) the Stroop effect
500
- As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can’t hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to “speak up,” from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.
- A) increase the frequency
- B) increase the amplitude
- C) decrease the frequency
- D) decrease the amplitude
- B) increase the amplitude
500
- Nikki was walking around a department store shopping one day and did not realize that the shirt she was wearing looked just like the shirts worn by employees. When a stranger asked, “do you work here,” she thought it was funny. The other customers’ assumption that Nikki was a store employee demonstrates the Gestalt principle of _______.
- A) proximity
- B) closure
- C) continuity
- D) similarity
500
- Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?
- A) blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room
- B) determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting
- C) knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student
- D) rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables
- C) knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student
500
- Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?
- A) Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.
- B) Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens.
- C) Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground.
- D) Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.
- A) Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.
500
- What is an engram?
- A) emotional focus of a memory from a particularly meaningful event
- B) mental trauma that creates a distorted memory that is full of errors
- C) a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory
- D) sensory component of a memory that can be retained for several moments
- C) a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory
500
- What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?
- A) afterimage
- B) preimage
- C) binocular image
- D) monocular image
500
- Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using “sound” type words like “loud,” “soft,” and “quiet,” he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness.
- A) conductive
- B) congenital
- C) sensorineural
- D) acoustic
500
- Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?
- A) acquisition
- B) learning
- C) reinforcement
- D) shaping
500
- What is the main idea of social learning theory?
- A) Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
- B) Fear is a conditioned response.
- C) Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
- D) One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
- D) One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
500
- Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.
- A) 90
- B) 50
- C) 70
- D) 30