Energy Expenditure
True/False: An RER of 1.0 indicates 100% fat utilization
False
What is the correct formula for calculating stroke volume?
End diastolic volume - End systolic volume
True/False: Lying down will decrease stroke volume and increase heart rate.
False.
True/False: Submaximal VO2 will increase as an adaptation to endurance training because the individual becomes more efficient. The bolded part is what I meant to have written, not VO2max.
False.
What is the formula for cardiac output?
HR x SV
Resting metabolic rate is typically around 1200- kcals?
1800 kcals
What is the natural rhythm of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
100 bpm.
In trained individuals, at what point relative to VO2max does stroke volume plateau?
+/- 10% is acceptable.
50% of VO2max
True/False: Following 2 weeks of endurance training, there is an increase in red blood count and plasma volume.
False. Exercise induced anemia. When plasma volume increases but RBC count does not increase just yet.
Baroreceptors sense what?
Pressure changes
What term defines the slight increase in oxygen consumption above expected values when exercising above lactate threshold?
Slow component of oxygen uptake
True/False: Chemoreceptors will sense an increase in oxygen and cause the vessels to vasodilate.
False. a DECREASE in oxygen causes vessels to vasodilate.
List two factors that will increases preload in the heart during exercise?
Increased venous return
Increased ventricular distensibility
Increased stroke volume
Increased contractility
Increased parasympathetic nervous system (acetylcholine release)
True/False. A person with a higher lactate threshold is likely to maintain a faster running speed compared to someone with a lower lactate threshold. I had initially written "run at a faster running speed"
True.
True/False: An individual with a better running economy will have lower oxygen consumption at the same running speed as someone else.
True.
What neurotransmitter will cause a decrease in heart rate when acting on the heart?
Acetylcholine
True/False: At the onset of exercise, there is an increase in red blood cell concentration.
True. The fluid shift from intravascularly to interstitial space.
1. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
2. Phosphofructokinase
3. Succinate dehydrogenase
4. Malate kinase
5. Creatine kinase
1, 3
Where is nitric oxide released from to cause vasodilation within the vessels?
Endothelium
List out the steps of the intracellular lactate shuttle. Include up to the molecule of lactate becomes Acetyl-CoA. Include enzymes involved in the process.
1. Lactate is transported into the mitochondria via monocarboxylate transporters
2. Converted to pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase
3. Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase
4. Acetyl-CoA enters into the Kreb's cycle.
As a result of the QRS complex, answer the following questions:
1. What part(s) of the heart is contracting?
2. What occurs to ventricular blood volume?
1. Ventricles
2. Decreases
As a result of long-term (60 minutes) steady-state exercise, which of the following will increase?
1. Viscosity
2. Heart Rate
3. Blood volume
4. Mean arterial pressure
5. Blood flow to working muscle
1, 2, 5
What does it mean when there is an increase in mitochondrial complexity?
Increased folds (cristae) within the mitochondria (allows for more O2 binding sites)
Final Jeopardy! List all 4 factors that are likely to contribute to excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.
Restoration of O2 stores
Restoration of ATP-PCr stores
Elevated catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Elevated body temperature