Plants
Which of the following describes secondary growth?
A) Development of fruit
B) Development of wood and bark
C) Growth in height
D) Development of leaves
B) Development of wood and bark
In human and many other eukaryotic species’ cells, the nuclear membrane must disappear to permit _____.
A)Cytokinesis
B)The attachment of microtubules to kinetochores
C)The splitting of centrosomes
D)The disassembly of the nucleolus
B) The attachment of microtubules to kinetochores
In animals, asexual reproduction typically occurs by:
A)Spermatogenesis
B)Oogenesis
C)Fission, Budding, Parthenogenesis
D)Meiosis
C) Fission, Budding, Parthenogenesis
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
A) Exchange of genetic material between non-homologous chromosomes, occurs in prophase I and prophase II
B) Random lineup at the equator of the cell regarding maternal/paternal pair, occurs in metaphase I
C) Homologous chromosomes pair to form an octad to exchange genetic material, occurs on prophase II
D) Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad to exchange genetic material, occurs in prophase 1
D) Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad to exchange genetic material, occurs in prophase 1
Which of the following is FALSE about plant growth?
A)Primary growth is correlated to plant height
B)Apical meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots
C)Lateral meristems are synonymous with cambia
D)All plants show secondary growth
D)All plants show secondary growth
Which of the following is NOT associated with plant cells?
A) Cell wall
B) Plasmodesmata
C) Chloroplasts
D) Lysosomes
D) Lysosomes
Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely ______.
A)An animal cell in the process of cytokinesis
B)A bacterial cell dividing
C)A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
D)A plant cell in metaphase
C) A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
During spermatogenesis, division of one primary spermatocyte results in production of ____ mature sperm cell(s). In oogenesis, division of one primary oogonium results in production of ______ mature ovum(s):
A)One, four
B)Three, two
C)four, four
D)four, one
D) Four, one
After telophase of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is ______.
A)Diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid
B)Diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
C)Haploid, and the chromosomes are each composted of a single chromatid
D)Haploid and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
D)Haploid and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids
Which of the following is TRUE?
A)Mitosis is two divisions of a cell and meiosis is one division of a cell
B)Crossing over only occurs in prophase II of meiosis, but not in mitosis
C)Mitosis = 2 identical haploid cells; meiosis = 4 non identical diploid cells
D)Mitosis occurs in somatic cells and meiosis occurs in gametes
D)Mitosis occurs in somatic cells and meiosis occurs in gametes
The cell wall in plants is made of:
A)Cellulose
B)Chitin
C)Peptidoglycan
D)Polymerized fructose
A) Cellulose
The mitotic spindle is a microtubular structure that is involved in ____.
A)Splitting of the cell following mitosis (cytokinesis)
B)Triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes
C)Separation of sister chromatids
D)Dissolving the nuclear membrane
C)Separation of sister chromatids
For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
A)Functional gametes produced by meiosis
B)Gametes produced over the lifetime of an organism
C)Gametes produced in a given time period
D)Meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete
D) Meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete
Meiosis I and II are considered to have a ploidy of ___ and ____, respectively, at the start of each part.
A) N, N
B) 2N, 2N
C) N, 2N
D) 2N, N
D) 2N, N
Sister chromatids separate from each other during ______.
A) Mitosis only
B) Mitosis and meiosis II
C) Mitosis and meiosis I
D) Mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II
B) Mitosis and meiosis II
Primary growth in plants refers to growth of _____ and is found in ______.
A)Roots and shoots, lateral meristem
B)Stem diameter, apical meristem
C)Roots and shoots, apical meristem
D)Stem diameter, lateral meristem
C) Roots and shoots, apical meristem
The first gap in the cell cycle (G1) corresponds to _____.
A)The phase between DNA replication and M phase
B)Normal growth and cell function
C)The beginning of mitosis
D)The phase in which DNA is being replicated
B)Normal growth and cell function
If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in t
A)Fertilization
B)Reverse transcription
C)DNA replication
D)Synapsis
A) Fertilization
The point at which homologous chromosomes are held together during crossing over is called?
A)Kinetochore
B)Chromosome glue
C)Chiasmata/chiasma
D)X linked chromosome
C)Chiasmata/chiasma
Independent/Random assortment occurs during ______.
A)Metaphase I only
B)Metaphase II only
C)Metaphase I and metaphase II
D)Mitosis only
A)Metaphase I only
Secondary growth in plants refers to growth of ______ and is found in _____.
A)Roots and shoots, lateral meristem
B)Stem diameter, apical meristem
C)Roots and shoots, apical meristem
D)Stem diameter, lateral meristem
D) Stem diameter, lateral meristem
Taxol is an anti-cancer drug that prevent uncontrolled cell proliferation (replication) by stabilizing microtubules (preventing their formation/function), which causes arrest of the cell cycle. If dividing cells are treated with Taxol, at what stage of the cell cycle would you predict the arrest would occur?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
E) G1 of Interphase
A) Prophase
A neuron and heart muscle cell….
A)Have the same DNA
B)Have differentiated DNA
C)Express different genes depending on their functions
D)All of the above
D) All of the above
In crossing over, genetic exchange occurs between ______ and results in ______?
A)Non sister chromatids, 4 non-identical daughter cells
B)Sister chromatids, 4 non-identical daughter cells
C)Non-sister chromatids, 4 identical daughter cells
D)Sister chromatids, 4 identical daughter cells
A)Non sister chromatids, 4 non-identical daughter cells
If a cell is unable to separate its homologous chromosomes, __________ occurred and the result is __________?
A) Non-disjunction in meiosis I, 2 of the daughter cells will have either one less or one more chromosome than normal
B) Non-disjunction in meiosis I, 4 of the daughter cells will have either one less or one more chromosome than normal
C) Non-disjunction in meiosis II, 2 of the daughter cells will have either one less or one more chromosome than normal
D) Non-disjunction in meiosis II, 2 of the daughter cells will have either one less or one more chromosome than normal
B) Non-disjunction in meiosis I, 4 of the daughter cells will have either one less or one more chromosome than normal