The activation of the immune system
Immune response
A continuously evolving environment that contains immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matric
Tumor Microenvironment
The composition of microbial species that co-exist in complex, multispecies, microbial communities
Gut microbiome
A federal law that serves to ensure that animals intended for use in research facilities are provided humane care and treatment
The Animal Welfare Act
Directed cell migration in response to an extracellular chemical gradient
Chemotaxis
A cancer-inducing gene that can transform cells
Oncogene
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
Hypoxia
The movement of bacteria from the intestine to circulation is an example of this
Bacterial translocation
The “R” that refers to using non-animal models, such as mammalian cell cultures
Replacement
A process that results in the gain of motility and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton
EMT
An anti-tumor immune protein that recruits other cells to aid with the immune response
Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)
This cellular component of the TME that facilitates cell-to-cell interactions
Stromal cells
The loss/change in diversity of healthy flora
Gut microbial dysbiosis
Transplantation of cells or tissues from one species into another
Xenotransplantation model
Name the three most common sites of metastasis
Bone, Liver, Lung
A type of cell that does NOT have MHC class II on their surface and can engulf bacteria, viruses, and dead cells
Neutrophil
The primary mediator of angiogenesis
VEGF
Type of T lymphocyte that can migrate to bone marrow myeloma microenvironment
Th-17
The % genetic similarity between mice and humans
95-97%
Detachment-induced cell death
Anoikis
A monitoring process of the immune system to find and kill abnormal/tumor cells
Immune surveillance
Lack of this in the TME keeps immune cells from entering
Blood supply
Comprise 90% of phyla within the gut
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes
Type of Cre-lox Recombination Mechanism that results in the head-to-head orientation
Inversion
This states that certain cancers can more easily metastasize into specific microenvironments
“Seed and Soil” Theory