Tumor Immunology
Angiogenesis/Tumor Microenvironment
Microbiome Effects on Cancer
Animal Models for Cancer
Invasion and metastasis
100

The activation of the immune system

Immune response

100

A continuously evolving environment that contains immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matric

Tumor Microenvironment

100

The composition of microbial species that co-exist in complex, multispecies, microbial communities

Gut microbiome

100

A federal law that serves to ensure that animals intended for use in research facilities are provided humane care and treatment

The Animal Welfare Act

100

Directed cell migration in response to an extracellular chemical gradient

Chemotaxis

200

A cancer-inducing gene that can transform cells

Oncogene

200

A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply

Hypoxia

200

The movement of bacteria from the intestine to circulation is an example of this

Bacterial translocation

200

The “R” that refers to using non-animal models, such as mammalian cell cultures

Replacement

200

A process that results in the gain of motility and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton

EMT

300

An anti-tumor immune protein that recruits other cells to aid with the immune response

Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)

300

This cellular component of the TME that facilitates cell-to-cell interactions

Stromal cells

300

The loss/change in diversity of healthy flora

Gut microbial dysbiosis

300

Transplantation of cells or tissues from one species into another

Xenotransplantation model

300

Name the three most common sites of metastasis

Bone, Liver, Lung

400

A type of cell that does NOT have MHC class II on their surface and can engulf bacteria, viruses, and dead cells

Neutrophil

400

The primary mediator of angiogenesis

VEGF

400

Type of T lymphocyte that can migrate to bone marrow myeloma microenvironment

Th-17

400

The % genetic similarity between mice and humans

95-97%

400

Detachment-induced cell death

Anoikis

500

A monitoring process of the immune system to find and kill abnormal/tumor cells

Immune surveillance

500

Lack of this in the TME keeps immune cells from entering

Blood supply

500

Comprise 90% of phyla within the gut

Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes

500

Type of Cre-lox Recombination Mechanism that results in the head-to-head orientation

Inversion

500

This states that certain cancers can more easily metastasize into specific microenvironments

“Seed and Soil” Theory