Carbs and Lipids
Which of the following is a defining similarity between all lipids?
a. lipids are polar.
b. lipids are hydrophilic.
c. lipids are hydrophobic.
d. lipids are amphipathic.
c. lipids are hydrophobic.
It refers to the sequence of nucleotides that codes for a specific protein.
a. Genome
b. Gene
c. DNA
d. RNA
b. Gene
CENTRAL DOGMA: DNA is _____ into an mRNA strand, which is then _____ into a protein.
a. replicated; translated
b. transcribed; translated
c. translated; replicated
d. translated; transcribed
b. transcribed; translated
Cells. . .
a. are the basic units of life.
b. must be small enough to maximize the ratio of surface area to volume.
c. must be large enough to pass nutrients and gases in and out of the cell.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Which of the following is part of the cell theory?
a. Cells are the fundamental units of life.
b. All living organisms are composed of cells.
c. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Which of the following carbohydrates functions as temporary energy storage in animals?
a. glucose
b. glycogen
c. starch
d. cellulose
b. glycogen
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
a. It is a permanent blueprint of life.
b. It is double stranded and contains a deoxyribose sugar.
c. It contains the bases A, T, C, and G.
d. The backbone of the DNA molecule is held together by hydrogen bonds.
d. The backbone of the DNA molecule is held together by hydrogen bonds.
Which part of an amino acid determines it's polarity?
a. central hydrocarbon
b. carboxyl group
c. amino group
d. "R" group
d. "R" group
**ALL amino acids have the same exact backbone structure EXCEPT for the "R" group.
Which RNA type is used as a template to make proteins?
a. mRNA
b. rRNA
c. snRNA
d. tRNA
a. mRNA
Which of the following is the site for the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes?
a. Peroxisome
b. Chromosome
c. Lysosome
d. Nucleolus
d. Nucleolus
Which of the following is a precursor to reproductive hormones, and is responsible for maintaining the fluidity of our cell membranes?
a. triglycerides
b. cholesterol
c. phospholipids
d. carbohydrates
b. cholesterol
Along an RNA strand, the phosphodiester bond involves ________.
a. Ribose and phosphate
b. Deoxyribose and phosphate
c. Ribose and nitrogenous base
d. Deoxyribose and nitrogenous base
a. Ribose and phosphate
The secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by _____ bonds between atoms of the _____.
a. hydrogen; backbone
b. peptide; side chains
c. hydrogen; side chains
d. covalent; backbone
a. hydrogen; backbone
Which of the following would not make the cell membrane more fluid?
a. saturated hydrocarbon chains
b. unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
c. cholesterol
d. both A & B
a. saturated hydrocarbon chains
True or False. Prokaryotes can convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis because they have chloroplast.
False.
Chloroplast is an organelle. Prokaryotes do not have organelles.
Which of the following is not a function of a lipid?
a. Energy storage
b. Cushions organs and insulates the body.
c. Carries water-soluble vitamins.
d. Supplies essential fatty acids.
c. Carries water-soluble vitamins.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A single strand of DNA or RNA is held together by covalent bonds.
b. The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.
c. Nucleic acids are synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.
d. Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of a polynucleotide.
c. Nucleic acids are synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.
Which of the following bonds will not help in forming the tertiary structure of a protein?
a. hydrogen bonds
b. disulfide bridges
c. peptide bonds
d. Van der Waals bonds
c. peptide bonds
The following macromolecules can make up part of the cell membrane except for:
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Nucleic Acids
D. Lipids
C. Nucleic Acids
A couple is told by their doctor that the reason why they cannot have children is that the sperm of the male lack motility because it does not have the structures responsible for propulsion. Which cellular structures are likely to be the underlying cause of this lack of motility?
a. microfilament
b. intermediate filaments
c. microtubules
d. vacuoles
c. microtubules
A polysaccharide you are studying contains unbranched β-glucose molecules and cannot be digested by humans. Which polysaccharide are you studying?
a) glucose
b) glycogen
c) cellulose
d) starch
c) cellulose
Complete the complementary DNA sequence:
5' AGTGGCTA 3'
a. 3' UCACCGAU 5'
b. 5' UCACCGAU 3'
c. 3' TCACCGAT 5'
d. 5' TCACCGAT 3'
c. 3' TCACCGAT 5'
Sickle-cell disease occurs due to the substitution of a single amino acid. Which level(s) of protein structure is affected?
a. primary
b. primary and secondary
c. primary, secondary, and tertiary
d. primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
d. primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Neighboring cells in tissues adhere and communicate through direct physical contact. Which cell junction connect adjacent cell walls in animal cells and allow for direct communication between cells?
a. Tight Junctions
b. Gap Junctions
c. Desmosomes
d. Plasmodesmata
b. Gap Junctions
A student uses a microscope to compare a human skeletal muscle cell and a human epithelial cell. The student observes that the muscle cell has more mitochondria than the epithelial cell. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this observation?
a. The muscle cell does not require ATP to function.
b. The epithelial cell does not require ATP to function.
c. The muscle cell requires more ATP than the epithelial cell.
d. The epithelial cell requires more ATP than the muscle cell.
c. The muscle cell requires more ATP than the epithelial cell.