Early Childhood
Children's awareness of their own and other people's mental processes.
What is theory of mind?
After failing a test, Abby remembers that she can change and improve her next test score by trying harder and putting in more effort.
What is growth mindset?
An attachment where the child feels comforted by the presence of their caregiver, who not only loves the child but is also sensitive, warm, and responsive.
What is secure attachment?
The only way to determine causation
What is an experiment?
Hippocampus makes possible the 4 F's: Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, and Sexual Intercourse
What is a mnemonic device?
Sammy, who is 4, becomes annoyed when his brother does not want to watch Paw Patrol, which is Sammy's favorite show, because he thinks everyone loves Paw Patrol.
What is childhood egocentrism?
Sammy's mom tells him, "You're so smart!" when he passes his kindergarten spelling test.
What is person praise?
An attachment style characterized by mistrust, anxiety, avoidance, and the lack of a secure base.
What is insecure attachment?
Experimental design that follows the same group of participants over many points in time
What is longitudinal?
Getting objective feedback about your level of understanding by taking a quiz at the end of the chapter
What is calibration?
Sammy, who is 4, says, "I gotted my backpack."
What are overregularization errors?
Sammy's mom enrolls him in a school where English-speaking and non-English speaking students learn both languages together because she heard that better memory and math ability are advantages of learning another language.
What is two-way immersion or dual-language learning?
A structured observational procedure that reveals the security of attachment when an infant is placed under stress, including episodes in which the infant is with a parent, stranger, both, or alone.
What is the Strange Situation?
Three ways to interpret a correlation
What are causal, reverse causal, and third variable?
Attempting to answer a question or solve a problem before being shown the solution
What is generation?
Child-centered teaching approach in which children construct their own development and teachers act as facilitators.
What is the Montessori method?
Ms. Daniel plans out her science class lesson with short videos and diagrams, and she plans to read some textbook sections out loud with her class. She has her students complete a few written responses about what they've read and perform a science experiment to make sure they understand.
What is multimedia learning?
A reaction to separation from an attachment figure that is characterized by distress and crying.
What is separation anxiety?
Activity level, attention span, fear, irritability, positive affect, and effortful control
What are the dimensions of temperament?
You teach someone who has not taken PSY 224 before about attachment styles.
What is elaboration?
A mental representation of how interpersonal relationships tend to work (ie. "The only person I can count on is myself").
What is an internal working model?
A child (definitely not our sweet Sammy) is disliked and shunned by his peers, causing him to have poor communication and emotional control.
What is peer rejection?
List one of the requirements of Sears' (1993) attachment parenting.
What is co-sleeping, baby-wearing, or breastfeeding on demand until the child decides to stop?
Fetal development and the 2-month period for language learning in infancy are examples of these.
What are sensitive periods?
You are learning about the Haitian Revolution and you connect its major themes to the American Revolution.
What is elaboration?