carbohydrates
what are the three monosaccharides
glucose, frutose, galactose
proteins are made up of ______ that are connected together by _____ bonds
saturated fatty acids don't have what compared to unsaturated
double carbon bonds
anabolic is (breaking down/building up)?
building up
Aspartame should not be consumed by people who have
phenylketonuria
table sugar- 50% glucose + 50% sucrose
HFCS- any combo of glucose and sucrose that is not 50:50 ratio
amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and must be consumed through foods
essential amino acids
what is amphiphilic?
fat and water-soluble (phospholipid bilayer)
Hydrochloric acid stimulates the conversion of inactive ______ into active ____ to break down polypeptides.
pepsinogen; pepsin
storage form of glucose?
glycogen
what is ketoacidosis?
acidic blood due to prolonged high ketone levels
- fats can turn into ketones and ketosis is when body burns fat for energy inside of glucose
Kwashiorkor is a
protein deficiency
are lipids insoluble or soluble in water?
insoluble!
Enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides
maltase, sucrase, lactase
The process of turning protein into a usable energy source
gluconeogenesis
good intestinal bacteria ferment the resistant start to create butyrate. what is the type of cancer that butyrate is associated with as a decreased risk?
colon cancer
you will be asked this!!!
what part of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic?
tails
Bile is made in ____, stored in the ______, and secreted at the ______
Excessive urination
polyuria
glucose + galactose?
glucose + glucose?
glucose + frutose?
lactose
maltose
sucrose
Proteins that do not contain all 9 essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins
what transports lipids from the intestine to the bloodstream?
Chylomicrons
what enzymes are involved with digestion in the mouth for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
carbohydrates: salivary amylase
lipids: lingual lipase
proteins: no enzymes
When hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the carbon double bond
cis- formation