Energy Expenditure
True/False: An RER of 1.0 indicates
100% fat utilization
False
What is the correct formula for
calculating stroke volume?
End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume
True/False: Lying down will decrease
stroke volume and increased heart rate.
False.
What is the formula for cardiac
output?
HR x SV
Resting metabolic rate is typically
around 1200- kcals?
1800 kcals
What is the natural rhythm of the
sinoatrial (SA) node?
100 bpm
In trained individuals, at what point
relative to VO2max does stroke
volume plateau?
+/- 10% is acceptable.
50% of VO2max
Baroreceptors sense what?
Pressure Changes
What term defines the slight increase
in oxygen consumption above
expected values when exercising
above lactate threshold?
Slow component of oxygen uptake
True/False: Chemoreceptors will sense
an increase in oxygen and cause the
vessels to vasodilate.
False. a DECREASE in oxygen causes
vessels to vasodilate.
List two factors that will increase
preload in the heart during exercise?
Increased venous return
Increased ventricular distensibility
True/False. A person with a higher
lactate threshold is likely to maintain a
faster running speed compared to
someone with a lower lactate
threshold.
True.
True/False: An individual with a better
running economy will have lower
oxygen consumption at the same
running speed as someone else.
True
What neurotransmitter will cause a
decrease in heart rate when acting on
the heart?
Acetylcholine
True/False: At the onset of exercise,
there is an increase in red blood cell
concentration.
True. The fluid shift from
intravascularly to interstitial space.
Where is nitric oxide released from to
cause vasodilation within the vessels?
Endothelium
List out the steps of the intracellular
lactate shuttle. Include up to the
molecule of lactate becomes Acetyl-
CoA. Include enzymes involved in the
process.
1. Lactate is transported into the
mitochondria via monocarboxylate
transporters
2. Converted to pyruvate via lactate
dehydrogenase
3. Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA
via pyruvate dehydrogenase
4. Acetyl-CoA enters into the Kreb's
cycle
As a result of the QRS complex,
answer the following questions:
1. What part(s) of the heart is
contracting?
2. What occurs to ventricular blood
volume?
1. Ventricles
2. Decreases
As a result of long-term (60 minutes)
steady-state exercise, which of the
following will increase?
1. Viscosity
2. Heart Rate
3. Blood volume
4. Mean arterial pressure
5. Blood flow to working muscle
1,2,5
Final Jeopardy! List all 4 factors that
are likely to contribute to excess post-
exercise oxygen consumption.
Restoration of O2 stores
Restoration of ATP-PCr stores
Elevated catecholamines (epinephrine
and norepinephrine)
Elevated body temperature