General Vocab
The space between two connected neurons
What is the synaptic cleft?
Low sound waves move farther through this structure to allow the stimulation of hair cells
What is the cochlea?
This division of the autonomic nervous system decreases activity of the kidneys
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
The voltage difference in charge across a cell membrane
what is a potential?
This CNS-supporting cell is an immune cell that ensures that there are no pathogens in the brain
What is a microglial cell?
What is the term for the pathway that comes out of the spinal cord from the anterior side and aids in motor output?
What are efferent pathways?
Specific scents in food bind to these types of receptors to allow for taste
What are chemoreceptors?
This neurotransmitter is used on the ganglia and organs in the parasympathetic nervous system.
What is acetylcholine?
Slightly going under -70mV (resting potential) to a more negative number
What is hyperpolarization?
This part of the brain is a control center that regulates the stress response, and the cardiovascular and respiratory system
What is the hypothalamus?
Was once at the lumbar region as a child, but with age it made its way lower on the body. It is larger than the other vertebrae to make room for more nerves.
What is the lumbosacral enlargement?
This nervous system hierarchy is the division of the PNS that is responsible for the 5 senses
What is the somatosensory or somatic sensing part of the nervous system?
This division of the autonomic nervous system contains much longer neurons than the other division
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
This ion allows for the exocytosis of neurotransmitters from into the synaptic cleft
What is Ca2+ (Calcium)?
The space posterior to the subarachnoid space in the spine where anesthesia can be placed
What is the epidural space?
The term for the nerves which spread out in the lumbar and sacral region (aka the horse's tail)
What is the cauda equina?
This kind of photoreceptor cell allows for sight in dim lighting conditions, and they do not work in bright light
What are rod cells?
These types of receptors are used in ganglia both in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
What are nicotinic receptors?
These ions are more concentrated outside of the cell when the cell is at rest
Where are chloride, sodium, and calcium in higher concentrations when a cell is at rest?
What are right brain functions?
A hyperpolarization of the post-synaptic membrane that keeps a neuron away from the action potential threshold (-55mV)
What is inhibitory post-synaptic potential?
The sensory neuron that comes in from the PNS and into the spinal cord is the ____-order neuron.
What is the first order?
This receptor increases organ activity in the sympathetic nervous system
What are beta-adrenergic receptors?
This is the primary tool used by the cell to bring it back to resting potential
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
Cerebrospinal fluid exits the brain (and cranial region) through this vein
What is the jugular vein?