Volcanoes
What type of lava is associated with shield volcanoes?
Basaltic/Mafic
Which waves are the first to arrive at the seismic station?
P-waves
This principle states that the oldest sedimentary layer is on the bottom and the youngest is on top
Superposition
This is known as the amount of time it takes for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms:
half-life
The process of mountain building is called:
Orogenesis
What is the name given to volcanic mudflows?
Lahars
What is the name of the place where a fault slip originates?
Hypocenter/Focus
Who originally discussed the principle of uniformitarianism?
Based on absolute dates of zircons in rocks, the Earth is _______ years old
~4.6 billion
This stage initiates the closing phase of the Wilson Cycle
Phase 5: Subduction
What is an example of a volcanic gas?
SO2, CO2, Water vapor, CO
What type of stress creates a reverse fault?
Compressional
Based on the principle of cross-cutting relations, a fault that cuts across a sedimentary rock layer, would be considered _______ than the sedimentary rock layer.
younger
For two isotopes of a given element, which quantity of subatomic particles is going to differ?
The neutrons
The limbs of a fold will dip toward the hinge in this type of fold:
Which process explains magma generation and volcanism along mid-ocean ridges?
Decompression melting
Right-lateral strike-slip
An erosional surface that lies between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks is called:
If you start with a sample of 4000 parent isotopes, and 3 half-lives pass by, how many parent isotopes will be left?
500
This kind of deformation will take place in the shallow crust:
Brittle
What type of eruption was Mount Pinatubo in 1991?
Plinian
Alternating periods of stress build-up followed by sliding/movement on a fault is referred to as:
Stick-slip behavior
In the Grand Canyon, the Great Unconformity between the Vishnu schist and overlying sedimentary layers is specifically this type of unconformity:
Nonconformity
If you start with a sample of 8000 parent isotopes, and 4 half-lives pass by, how many daughter isotopes will be left?
7,500
Give an example of a mountain range built due to a continent-continent collision:
The Himalayas, the Karakoram, Appalachians, the Alps