Identification
Which blood vessels make up the Circle of Willis?
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Explain the blood flow through the heart
Inf V.C, Sup V.C, and Coronary sinus empty blood into RA, Tricuspid valve, RV, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary SL valve, Lungs (gas exchange), pulmonary veins, LA, Bicuspid (mitral) valve, LV, aortic SL valve, ascending Aorta, Aortic Arch (Brachiocephalic, L common carotid, L subclavian), descending aorta
Give an example of Natural Acquired Immunity. Is this active or passive?
Active: Infection or contact with a pathogen
Passive: Antibodies passed from mother to child during parturition or antibodies passed through mother's milk to child
List these in order
1.Capillaries
2.Arterioles
3.Muscular Artery
4.Heart
5.Elastic Artery
6.Veins
7.Venules
4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 7, 6
Elastic arteries occur closest to the heart.
Muscular arteries are responsible for transporting blood to different types of organs in the body.
1.R common carotid artery
2.R Thyrocervical artery
3.Aortic arch
4.R Costocervical artery
5.Brachiocephalic trunk
6.R Vertebral artery
7.R subclavian artery
3, 5, 1, 6, 2, 4, 7
Explain the Intrinsic Conductive pathway in detail
Autorhythmic cells in SA node send signal (internodal pathway), AV node receives the signal, signal travels through Bundle of His to the Bundle Branches, Ventricular Repolarization occurs when signal goes through the Purkinje Fibers
Explain Phagocytic Mobilization in detail (you can draw pictures)
Inflammatory chemicals (Leukocytosis Inducing factors) released from inflamed site
4 phases:
1. Leukocytosis: neutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to these chemicals
2. Margination: Neutrophils cling to the walls of the capillaries in the injured area
3. Diapedesis: neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begin phagocytosis
4. Chemotaxis: Inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to injury site
What are the equations for Pulse Pressure and MAP?
systolic - diastolic = Pulse pressure
pulse pressure + 1/3 Diastolic pressure = MAP
1. Celiac trunk
2. Thoracic Aorta
3. Superior Mesenteric artery
4. Abdominal Aorta
5. Inferior mesenteric artery
2, 4, 1, 3, 5
Where should I place my Stethoscope to auscultate the Bicuspid Valve?
A.2nd Intercostal space at the R Sternal margin
B.5th Intercostal space at the R Sternal margin
C.2nd Intercostal space at the L Sternal margin
D.5th Intercostal space at the L Sternal margin
D.5th Intercostal space at the L Sternal margin
T/F: In Negative Selection, the recognition of the self-antigen will result in apoptosis. In Positive selection, the failure to recognize the self-antigen results in apoptosis.
True
-38, reabsorption
What is the purpose of hepatic portal circulation?
Blood must be filtered and processed by the liver before returning to the heart and general circulation
Explain the cardiac cycle in detail
Ventricular filling, Atrial Contraction, Isovolumetric Contraction, Ventricular Ejection, Isovolumetric Relaxation
Which of the following is true about antibodies
A.IgD – A monomer that binds with mast cells and basophils to release histamines when activated
B.IgG – A monomer that can cross the placenta and confer passive immunity
C.IgM –A monomer that is considered the least abundant antibody
D.IgA – A monomer that plays a role in B cell activation
B
T/F: HPc and OPif promotes fluid to move into the capillary and HPif and OPc promote move to move into the interstitial space.
False
Swap Points
Swap points
What factors increase Heart Rate?
HR: Stress, Atrial (Bainbridge) reflex, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Thyroxine, Hypercalcemia, Hyperkalemia, fetus, female, exercising (exception trained athletes), increased body temp
Create a Venn diagram that highlights the differences between the Tc cells and the TH cells
This diagram can be found on the PowerPoint slides
What type of capillaries make up the blood brain barrier?
Continuous Capillaries