Emotions
A short-lived reaction to a stimulus
What is an emotion?
A tendency to perceive stimuli as members of groups or classes rather than isolated, unique entities
What is categorization?
A predisposition to respond to a particular object in a generally favorable or unfavorable way
What is an attitude?
The process whereby people transmit information about their ideas, feelings, and intentions to one another.
What is communication?
When one person (the source) gets another person (the target) to behave differently than how they otherwise would have
What is social influence?
Cultural norms that direct us to modify our facial expressions to ensure they are appropriate for the social situation
What are display rules?
An abstraction that represents the “typical” or quintessential instance of a class or group
What is a prototype?
A state of psychological tension induced by discordant relationships between cognitive elements
What is cognitive dissonance?
A style of communication that is characterized by diverse vocabulary, proper pronunciation, correct grammar, and abstract content
Standard speech
Changing the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of a target through the use of information or argument (i.e., logic)
What is persuasion?
The act of trying to change the intensity or quality of feelings to bring them into line with the requirements of the occasion
What is emotion work?
A type of motivational bias that describes the tendency for people to make attributions that give them more credit
What is self-serving bias?
Attitudes that we subconsciously hold and are more or less automatic
What are implicit attitudes?
The three models describing how people communicate their cognitions and attitudes.
What is the: Encoder-decoder Model, Intentionalist Model, and Perspective-taking Model?
Three factors affecting communicator credibility
What is expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness?
The five social emotions
What is: guilt, shame, embarrassment, love, and jealousy?
The five types of schemas
What is a person schema, self schema, group schema, role schema, and event schema?
Three components of attitudes
What is a: cognition, affective evaluation, and behavioral predisposition?
According to this communication model, communication involves the exchange of messages using symbols whose meaning grows out of the interaction itself and participants’ intersubjectivities
What is the perspective-taking model?
What is the source, message, target, and effect?
The four components of emotions
What is a: (1) situational stimulus, (2) physiological changes, (3) expressive gestures, and (4) an emotion label?
People use heuristics to select schemas based on these three factors
What is availability, representativeness, and anchoring and adjustment?
The four main factors affecting the degree of discrepancy between attitudes and behaviors.
What is accessibility and activation, attitude characteristics, attitude-behavior correspondence, and a situational constraint?
Four main types of nonverbal communication
What is paralanguage, body language (kinesics), interpersonal spacing (proxemics), and personal effects?
Three factors increasing resistance to influence
What is attitude inoculation, forewarning, and reactance?