Microbial Nutrition
These nutrients are needed by microorganisms in large quantities.
What are macronutrients/essential nutrients?
These specialized proteins are biological catalysts
What are enzymes?
Nucleotides are added to a growing strand in this orientation.
What is 5' to 3'?
Any organism that contains DNA that originated in another microorganism.
What is a recombinant?
This is the first phase of microbial growth, where bacteria are first added to media and getting adjusted.
What is the lag phase?
Human pathogens fall into this temperature group.
What are mesophiles?
Cellular respiration takes place here in prokaryotes.
This type of RNA carries amino acids and matches them to the correct codon.
This enzymes found in bacteria cut up DNA at very specific sequences.
What are restriction enzymes.
Frederick Griffith discovered this method of bacterial gene transfer while studying S. pnuemoniae in mice.
What is transformation?
This describes movement of a solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
What is active transport?
This is the general term for cellular processes that break down substrates to create energy.
What is catabolism?
This is the process of copying DNA into RNA.
What is transcription?
This step in PCR occurs at high temperatures to break the hydrogen bonds in DNA.
What is denaturation?
This is the only form of horizontal gene transfer that involves direct contact between two bacterial cells.
What is conjugation?
What is hypertonic?
This is the general term for cellular processes that build macromolecules.
What is anabolism?
This is the process of reading RNA to make protein.
What is translation?
This process separates DNA based on size
What is gel electrophoresis?
This is extra circular bit of DNA is often used as a vector for cloning and making recombinants.
What is a plasmid?
This enzyme converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
What is oxidase?
The majority of ATP are made during this stage of cellular respiration.
What is the electron transport chain?
This nucleotide is found in RNA but not DNA.
What is Uracil?
This revolutionary process for editing genes in living cells won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.
What is CRISPR/Cas 9?
Glycolysis nets this number of ATP.
What is 2?