Basic features
What's the difference between retributive and distributive justice?
Distributive justice is about how burdens/benefits are distributed among individuals and groups, and retributive justice is about whether punishments appropriately fit the corresponding crime.
A cluster of mutually supporting beliefs, interests, norms, values, practices, institutions, scripts, habits, affective dispositions, and ways of interpreting and interacting with the world.
Ideology
“…it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong…”
Bentham
What is Benjamin's example of signals?
"turn right on Malcolm Ten Boulevard"
What's the the veil of ignorance a useful heuristic for?
Determining what system(s) of rights and what specifications of rights are fair.
Looking at the total “expected consequences of many artificial agents acting in the way we programme them to.”
The aggregate perspective
“The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.”
Shannon
‘fail fast and fail often’
What's the difference between "equality" and "equity"?
Equality is associated with fair resources and equity is associated with fair outcomes.
The approach "enables AIs to learn human morality from lots of specific examples of behaviour and decisions that humans judge to be morally good or bad".
The bottom-up approach of building human morality into AI
“...as with Trinity's response to Neo in the Matrix regarding his path being crossed twice by a black cat, perhaps if we situated racist ‘glitches’ in the larger complex of social meanings and structures, we too could approach them as a signal rather than as a distraction.”
Benjamin
What's the focus of Borg, Sinnott-Armstrong, and Conitzer's concept of privacy in Moral AI?
Control over information we might want to hide.
The strategy maximizes the minimum; i.e., optimizes the worst case, when facing uncertainty.
Risk aversion
It focuses on the individual parts of a system, as opposed to the system as a whole.
The modular point of view
"Frequently the messages have meaning; that is they refer to or are correlated according to some system with certain physical or conceptual entities. These semantic aspects of communication are irrelevant to the engineering problem.”
Shannon
What's Louis Brandeis' concept of privacy?
The right ‘to be let alone’ from interference or intrusion.