The Extracellular Matrix
This junction forms a mechanical link between adjacent cells by anchoring intermediate filaments, providing structural support and strength.
What is the Desmosome?
This organelle found throughout the cytoplasm of the cell uses electrochemical gradients in order to harness energy from sugars.
What are mitochondria?
This process, unique to meiosis, involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.
What is crossing over?
This pigment, found in plant cells, absorbs light energy primarily in the blue and red wavelengths to drive the process of photosynthesis.
What are chlorophyll?
This protein complex, which forms on the centromere during mitosis, plays a crucial role in attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers.
What is the kinetochore?
This type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between neighboring cells, facilitating communication and synchronization of activity.
What are gap junctions?
This network of membranes within the cell is involved in the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins with the help of ribosomes.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
In this phase of meiosis, fully functional spermatozoa are produced
What is Telophase II?
This structure within plant cells houses the enzymes and pigments necessary for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the thylakoid Membrane?
During prophase, this cellular structure, critical for organizing the mitotic spindle, duplicates and moves to opposite poles of the cell.
What is the centrosome?
This junction acts as a barrier to prevent the passage of materials between cells and is crucial in epithelial tissues that line body cavities and organs.
What are tight junctions?
This organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
In metaphase I of meiosis, this unique alignment of homologous chromosome pairs along the cell’s equatorial plate contributes to genetic variation in gametes.
What is Independent Assortment?
In the Calvin cycle, this molecule is created by carbon fixation and is later formed into glucose in other cellular processes.
What is G3P?
In this phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope reforms around two sets of chromosomes, which then begin to decondense into chromatin.
What is telophase?
This class of membrane proteins, involved in processes such as sensory perception and hormone signaling, activates intracellular signaling pathways through the binding of a ligand on the outside of the cell.
What are G-protein coupled receptors.
This membrane-bound organelle is involved in the breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris, and it contains hydrolytic enzymes.
What is the Lysosome?
During anaphase I, these structures, unlike in mitosis, are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring genetic diversity in the resulting cells.
What are homologous Chromosomes?
In the light-dependent reactions, this molecule is split to release oxygen, electrons, and protons, which are essential for generating ATP and NADPH.
What is H2O?
The mitotic spindle is composed of these specialized protein filaments, which are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
What are microtubules?
This structural protein in the extracellular matrix is known for its tensile strength and is found in connective tissues, tendons, and skin.
What is Collagen?
This short amino acid sequence, often containing lysine and arginine residues, is essential for the transport of proteins into the nucleus by interacting with nuclear import receptors.
What is a Nuclear Localization Signal?
This specific event, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis, can lead to disorders such as Trisomy-21.
What is nondisjunction?
This enzyme, responsible for the fixation of carbon in the Calvin cycle, is known for its high specificity to carbon dioxide and is the most abundant protein on Earth.
What is Rubisco?
This cell-cycle checkpoint, located at the transition from metaphase to anaphase, ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before cell division continues.
What is the spindle assembly checkpoint (or the metaphase checkpoint)?