Global Nutrition & Energy Balance
What is the primary driver of malnutrition?
poverty
T/F: to be considered an essential vitamin, the body must be unable to synthesize enough of the compound to maintain health.
TRUE - that is why it is ESSENTIAL we consume the vitamin.
List all fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
what is a mineral equivalent of a coenzyme termed?
cofactor
cofactors and coenzymes carry out and speed up chemical reactions
Preoccupation with weight/shape is a symptom of _____ _____.
Anorexia Nervosa
What does Body Mass Index (BMI) measure?
height to weight ratio (does not consider body composition)
Which vitamin is known for its coenzyme capabilities?
Vitamin Bs (varying of all 8 vitamin Bs)
Vitamin D deficiency presents as
Osteomalacia - "soft bones" adults
Rickets - similar to above but in children
T/F: iodine deficiency = anemia, iron deficiency = goiter
FALSE - iodine deficiency = goiter, iron deficiency = anemia
orthorexia
what is the difference between malnutrition & hunger?
malnutrition: deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization
hunger: inability to meet personal dietary needs to reach satiety
Pregnant women should supplement this because a deficiency can cause neural tube defects in a developing fetus
folate
Which is more likely to reach a level of toxicity and WHY: water-soluble vitamins or fat-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to reach a level of toxicity (stored in the liver),
Excess water-soluble vitamins are not stored long-term and are excreted as urine.
Therefore, water-soluble vitamins are more prone to deficiencies!
If a person is iron deficient, what will best help them replete their iron stores?
red meat
Binge eating followed by a purge is a symptom of ________
bulimia
What is the difference between stunting and wasting?
Stunting: too short for age
Wasting: too thin for height
*note* - both are indicators of malnourishment
Vitamin C Deficiency, oftentimes associate with pirates, is termed as
Scurvy
Vitamin E & C work together to act as an antioxidant. What does this mean?
fluoride deficiency presents as
increased cavities
cravings and consumption of inedible items is termed as
pica
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
the minimum number of calories your body needs to perform basic functions while you're at rest
Niacin (B3) Deficiency presents as pellagra. Pellagra has 3 main symptoms known as the "3 Ds". What are they?
Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis
Which is the more readily available form of vitamin A: retinoids or carotenoids
Retinoids - Animal form/active form and therefore is readily available. (Carotenoids are the plant form/inactive form that requires activation)
Calcium (Ca) deficiency will lead to
Osteoporosis
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is used to treat eating disorders by:
Changing thoughts and emotions that lead to behaviors.