Chapter 8
What type of criminologists focus on explaining crime within economic and social contexts and examine the connection between social class, crime, and social control?
What are critical criminologists
What type of theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination?
What are developmental theories
Children who perceive their parents as approving of violent solutions to personal and social problems are _______ likely to use violence themselves.
What is more likely
True or False: Political crimes can include both violent and nonviolent crimes.
True or False:Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge society’s accepted moral principles.
What is true
When a government or political authority makes use of death squads to kill political opponents, dissenters, or other undesirables, what type of crime has been committed?
According to what theory the propensity to commit crime is stable, but the opportunity to commit crime changes over time?
What is latent trait theory
_______ involve the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event.
What are mass murders
What types of crimes involve violations of laws designed to protect the environment?
What are green-collar crimes
Material that violates community standards of morality or decency is said to be _______.
What is obscene
Supranational criminology is a specialization of critical theory that focuses on which type of crimes?
What are war crimes?
Sampson and Laub’s research indicates that building _______ and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance.
What is social capital
The murder of an older adult is referred to as _______.
What is eldercide
An act of disloyalty to one’s nation is called _______.
What is treason
Of all the commonly practiced paraphilias, which causes the general public the most concern?
What is pedophilia
Displacement of workers by pushing them outside the economic and social mainstream is known as _______.
What is marginalization
The tendency of prior social problems to produce future ones that accumulate and undermine success is called _______.
What is cumulative disadvantage
Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group sharing a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic are known as _______.
What are hate crimes
Offenders who do not define themselves by a criminal role are called _______ criminals.
What are occasional criminals.
Public order crimes that violate the moral order but have no intended harmed party other than society are referred to as _______.
What are victimless crimes
_______ is a view that focuses on the needs of victims, the community, and offenders, and on nonpunitive strategies to heal the wounds caused by crime.
What is restorative justice
According to the general theory of crime, being adventuresome, physical, and self-centered are all signs that a person possesses _______.
What is low self-control
A segment of society in which violence has become legitimized by the customs and norms of that group describes _______.
What is a subculture of violence
Who leaked top-secret documents regarding NSA domestic surveillance practices and is now living in Russia?
Who is Edward Snowden
Public order crimes often trace their origin to ethical crusaders who seek to shape the law to reflect their own way of thinking. They are called _______.
What are moral entrepreneurs