High Energy Phosphate
Which of the following is NOT considered high in phosphoryl-transfer potential?
ATP
ADP
Phosphocreatine
Ca+
Ca+
How many sodium ions move out of the cell and how many potassium ions move into the cell. What protein is responsible for shifting the ions in and out of the cell.
3 Na+, 2K+
Na-K ATPase
What are our two regulatory proteins?
Troponin and tropomyosin
Which ion is found in high concentration outside the cell?
sodium
Which muscle fiber type is recruited first?
a. Type I
b. Type IIA
c. Type IIX
Type I
Briefly identify the difference between a voltage gated and ligand gated channel.
In muscle contraction, which ion interacts with proteins to allow myosin to bind to actin?
Calcium!
What is the process of discharging contents of synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft
exocytosis
What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of AMP into IMP?
adenylate deaminase
What is the segment of the sarcomere where the thin filaments end
Z- disc
What does troponin t bind to?
tropomyosin
What type of transport describes the movement of ions that are driven by a concentration gradient?
passive transport
Describe what happens to ATP, PCR, and inorganic phosphate DURING exercise.
ATP decrease, PCr decrease, inorganic phosphate increase
What are the three main characteristics of the myelin sheath
DOUBLE: What is the space between the myelin sheath
Serves an insulation role by wrap around the nerves
Makes the signal more efficient and travel faster
Saves us more energy
Describe how are muscle fibers are recruited.
DOUBLE: what do we call this process
the body recruits motor units from smallest to largest based on the strength needed for the task
size principle
What do we refer to as the calcium channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum that interacts with the DHPR
RYR receptor
What changes would you expect to see in the concentrations of ATP, PCr, and inorganic phosphate in muscle tissue POST- exercise?
ATP remains relatively unchanged, significant drop in PCr, and rise in inorganic phosphate
Briefly identify how acetylcholine binds to ACh receptors.
In summary, ACh binds to ACh receptors, which are ion channels, and this binding opens the channel, allowing Na+ ions to enter the muscle cell, initiating muscle contraction.
Describe the Sliding Filament Theory.
Actin and myosin slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere, which causes the muscle to contract and produce force
List and briefly explain the three different contraction types
Concentric - Force is generated while the sarcomere shortens
Eccentric: Force is generated while the sarcomere lengthens.
Isometric - Force is generated, but there is no change in muscle length.