Brain Power & Focus
This cognitive skill involves controlling impulses, regulating emotions, and maintaining focus.
What are executive functions?
This term refers to a person’s overall evaluation of their self-worth.
What is self-esteem?
This parenting style is characterized by high warmth and high discipline, often linked to positive child outcomes.
What is authoritative parenting?
This term refers to the first menstrual period, marking puberty in girls.
What is menarche?
According to Kohlberg, this is the first stage of moral reasoning, where children base decisions on avoiding punishment.
What is preconventional morality?
These brain areas, responsible for executive functions, continue to develop throughout childhood.
What are the prefrontal cortex and frontal lobes?
Children with this belief tend to feel powerless to change their circumstances, often after repeated failure experiences.
What is learned helplessness?
This parenting style is associated with strict, harsh rules and low warmth.
What is authoritarian parenting?
This hormonal surge triggers puberty, resulting in physical and emotional changes.
What are adrenal androgens?
This cognitive bias makes adolescents believe they are unique and invulnerable, contributing to risky behaviors.
What is the personal fable?
This disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, with symptoms often becoming noticeable once children enter school.
What is ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)?
This type of praise encourages growth mindset by focusing on effort rather than innate ability.
What is effort praise?
Research suggests that this form of discipline, involving physical punishment, is linked to increased aggression in children.
What is spanking?
This eating disorder is characterized by self-starvation and an intense fear of gaining weight.
What is anorexia nervosa?
This term refers to teens' tendency to feel as though they are constantly being watched and judged by others.
What is the imaginary audience?
Parents can use these two strategies to help children with ADHD improve focus and self-regulation.
What are creating consistent routines and using positive reinforcement?
This social-cognitive bias causes children to interpret ambiguous social cues as hostile, contributing to aggressive behavior.
What is hostile attribution bias?
This child-rearing practice uses explanations and discussions to help children understand the consequences of their actions.
What is induction?
Teens with low self-esteem may be at greater risk for this behavior, which can include disordered eating, risky sexual activity, or self-harm.
What are at-risk behaviors?
This experiment, used to measure formal operational thought, involves testing how different factors affect the speed of a swinging object.
What is the pendulum apparatus?
This type of medication is commonly prescribed for ADHD but may have side effects such as decreased appetite and sleep issues.
What are stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall)?
This term describes behaviors like sharing, helping, and comforting others.
What is prosocial behavior?
These children demonstrate the ability to thrive despite adversity, often due to strong support systems or adaptive coping skills.
What are resilient children?
This trend refers to the earlier onset of puberty over recent generations, potentially influenced by improved nutrition and health.
What is the secular trend?
In adolescence, brain changes in this region make teens more sensitive to peer influence and risk-taking behaviors.
What is the limbic system?