STM/WM
We can hold (more/less/the same amount) of complex compared to simple stimuli in working memory.
less
When I remember summers at my grandmother's house, I can imagine her face and smile. This is an example of _____ coding.
Visual
Finding ways to link new information to yourself improves memory. Which elaboration technique does this describe?
The self-reference effect
Memories are "safe" from modification/forgetting after memory consolidation? True/False
False
What type of attention involves the movement of our eyes to the attended information?
Overt attention
Speaking aloud while trying to hold information in working memory typically disrupts working memory performance. This describes:
Articulatory Suppression
Now that I've memorized my new address, I have a very difficult time remembering my previous address. This is an example of:
Retroactive Interference
A patient has difficulty remembering events prior to their injury and the memory loss is most severe for events immediately before the injury. What does this describe?
Retrograde amnesia and specifically graded amnesia
The serial position curve demonstrates the _____ and ____ effects.
What is an example of a double dissociation that we've discussed in class?
Broca's vs. wernicke's areas; What vs. where pathways
Name and briefly summarize the function of the 3 components of the Baddeley & Hitch Model:
Phonological Loop (short term storage/manipulation using a verbal code), Visuospatial Sketchpad (maintenace/manipulation of visual information in STM) , Central Executive (controls transfer of information between other components/directs attentions/maintains goals/suppresses irrelevant ifnormation)
A patient has difficulty recalling experiences prior to their injury but is remarkably able to learn new motor skills. This suggests that the patient's _______ memory is impaired but their _______ memory remains intact.
episodic (declarative); procedural (implict);
We tend to have better memory for information when the retrieval task matches the encoding task. What does this describe?
Transfer-appropriate processing
What has been shown to happen to episodic details with the passage of time?
They are often lost with time so memories become less detailed and more semantic with time
"Free floating features" occur in which stage of feature integration theory
The pre-attentive stage
The delayed partial report method was important for revealing what about sensory memory?
Its short duration- Performance dramatically dropped when the auditory tone was delayed 1 second after the visual display dissapeared suggesting information fades rapidly from sensory memory (i.e., within one second)
Define the recency effect and state what is thought to cause it?
Enhanced memory for items at the end of a list; short-term memory
Which model suggests that the hippocampus is really only crucial during early memory consolidation and that memories are subsequently represented in the cortex?
The Standard Model of Consolidation
Neural firing in the prefrontal cortex has been shown to ________ during working memory delays.
be sustained
What is the core principle in the Gestalt theory of object perception?
The whole is different than the sum of its parts
Describe two findings/phenomena that challenge the "rule" that working memory capacity is always 7 +/- 2.
Chunking/The observation that we can hold less in mind when stimuli are complex/Change detection tasks with visual stimuli that suggests capacity is on avg. 4
According to conceptual/semantic priming, presenting the word “Whale” will result in participants later responding quickest to _______ words in addition to "whale"
closely related
What is the main difference between synaptic consolidation and systems consolidation?
Synaptic consolidation refers to physical changes at the level of the synapse that contribute to consolidation and memory formation; systems consoldiation referes to the slower reorganization of neural networks/circuits
If we are measuring an event related potential that increases in size with the number of items being held in working memory and participants must ignore distractors while only remembering a few target items, we would expect a ______ (bigger/smaller) ERP for people who have a less effective central executive.
bigger
1) What is one piece of evidence that the FFA is specialized for recognizing faces and 2) one piece of evidence that the FFA is important for recognizing items in categories for which we have expertise
1) prosopagnosia/stimulation studies, 2) Greeble experiment, activation for bird in bird experts/cars in car experts etc