Macromolecules
Which macromolecule is the body’s main source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
This type of transport moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
What is Passive Transport
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates and proteins each provide?
4 cal/gram
Monosaccharide
This organelle controls all cell functions and contains DNA.
Nucleus
Which macromolecule is made of nucleotides and stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Name the type of passive transport that moves water across the cell membrane.
What is osmosis
How many calories per gram do lipids provide?
9 cal/gram
Name two examples of disaccharides.
Sucrose
lactose
maltose
This organelle breaks down waste and worn-out parts.
Lysosomes
Which macromolecule makes up cell membranes and stores long-term energy?
Lipids
This type of transport uses vesicles to bring large molecules INTO the cell.
What is endocytosis
What percent of your daily calories should come from carbs, lipids, and proteins
Carbs: 45-65%
Lipids: 20-35%
Proteins: 10-35%
This molecule is made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol.
Triglyceride
Which organelle packages and ships proteins?
Identify the four elements found in all proteins.
C,H,O,N
Compare facilitated diffusion and active transport using two differences.
Facilitated diffusion is passive/ No energy, uses protein channels; Active uses energy/ ATP and goes against the gradient
How many essential amino acids are there and why are they called "essential"?
9- must be obtained from food
You see a diagram of a fatty acid chain. The carbon chain is bent in places and has double bonds between some of the carbons.
Is this molecule saturated or unsaturated, and how do you know?
This is an unsaturated fatty acid
the double bonds create kinks or bends in the chain, so the molecules can't pack tightly together
Which organelle produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
This macromolecule helps build muscle, hormones, and enzymes. What is it and what is its monomer?
Proteins
Amino Acids
This type of transport uses protein pumps to move molecules from low to high concentration. Name the type of transport and explain why it requires energy.
What is active transport- it goes against the concentration gradient, so it needs ATP/ energy
The human body can make about ____ nonessential amino acids, but must get____ from the diet.
11 nonessential
9 essential
Diagram A: A single ring structure made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Diagram B: A long twisted chain made of repeating units (nucleotides) with a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
Diagram C: A molecule with three long hydrocarbon chains attached to a glycerol backbone.
Which one is the nucleic acid and what are its monomers?
Diagram B is the nucleic acid. Its monomers are nucleotides, which each include a huge, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
This organelle is a network of membranes that packages and transports proteins made by ribosomes attached to it to the Golgi apparatus.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum