a
The conduction speeds of a neural impulse is dependent upon:
a) muscle force and myelin thickness
b) myelinization and number of axons
c) cell body and axon diameter
d) myelinization and axon diameter
d) myelinization and axon diameter
Which of the following would have the greatest impact on increasing muscle power?
a) perform isometric exercise
b) reduce the time required for contraction
c) reduce the work performed as a result of contraction
d) utilize slow twitch fibers for contraction
b) reduce the time required for contraction
Force development during concentric contraction occurs as the muscle is ___ whereas during eccentric contraction it occurs as the muscle is ____. Both are examples of ____ contraction.
a) lengthening; shortening: isometric
b) shortening; lengthening: isometric
c) shortening: lengthening: isotonic
d) lengthening: shortening: isotonic
c) shortening: lengthening: isotonic
Muscle growth (hypertrophy) from long-term resistance training is primarily due to the increase in:
a) neurological system
b) number of fibers
c) interstitial fluid biocompartment
d) size of the individual musle fibers
d) size of the individual musle fibers
When a muscle is contracted with no or "zero load" ____ occurs and is determined by _____.
a) maximal force; # of cross bridges
b) maximal velocity; # of cross bridges
c) maximal velocity; rate of myosin ATPase activity
d) maximal force; rate of myosin ATPase activity
c) maximal velocity; rate of myosin ATPase activity
Which best represents the order of recruitment for muscle fibers from light to heavy force (or intensity)?
a) l => lla => llx
b) lla => llx => l
c) l => llx => lla
d) llx => lla => l
a) l => lla => llx
Which of the following best describes why resting membrane potential is negative?
a) there is a greater amount of potassium inside the cell
b) there is a greater amount of sodium inside the cell
c) the resting membrane potential is not negative
d) there is a greater amount of potential of potassium leaked out from inside of the cell
d) there is a greater amount of potential of potassium leaked out from inside of the cell
The motor unit is comprised of which of the following?
a) alpha motor neuron, primary motor cortex
b) primary motor cortex, medulla
c) primary motor cortex, muscle fibers
d) alpha motor neuron, muscle fiber
d) alpha motor neuron, muscle fiber
Within a normal range of motion during contraction, the greater the ___ of the muscle the greater the amount of developed force is produced. This is due to greater _____.
a) tension; calcuim reuptake into the SR
b) length; number of cross-bridges formed
c) afterload; muscle shortening velocity
d) velocity; myosin ATPase activity
b) length; number of cross-bridges formed
To what extent does muscle damage actually have a benefit during exercise training?
a) it does not have any benefits
b) when damage is enough to elicit rhabdomyolysis
c) only when there is an immune response associated with muscle damage
d) when satellite cells are activated and bind to damaged myofibrils
d) when satellite cells are activated and bind to damaged myofibrils
Activation of the gamma motor nueron _____?
a) elicits shortening of the muscle that is required for movement
b) provides sensory information and muscle length to the brain
c) maintains tension of th spindle while muscle shortens
d) conducts afferent information of muscle velocity and force
c) maintains tension of th spindle while muscle shortens
Which region of the sarcomere remains unchanged in size during muscle contraction?
a) l band
b) H band
c) Z lines (i.e., the distance between Z lines)
d) A band
d) A band
Select the option that is not true: A typical neuron consists of:
a) a cell body
b) dendrite
c) axons
d) spindles
d) spindles
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is primarily due to:
a) increased calcium uptake and release fromo SR
b) lactate accumulation in muscle
c) exercise that is specifically concentric in nature
d) microscopic tears to muscle fibers
d) microscopic tears to muscle fibers
Which of the following is not true regarding on Golgi tendon reflex?
a) contains receptors buried within tendinous insertion into bones
b) requires neural signals to be sent to the motor cortex
c) activates antagonist muscles and inhibits agonist muscles
d) is more responsive to tension (force) than the spindle reflex
b) requires neural signals to be sent to the motor cortex
Which are required for cross-bridge cycling to occur (multi-answers)?
a) norepinephrine at the neuromuscular junction
b) membrane potential below -90mV
c) availability of the intracellular ATP
d) availability of intracellular calcium
c) availability of the intracellular ATP
d) availability of intracellular calcium
The functional division(s) of the automatic nervous system is (are) called:
a) parasympathetic, peripheral
b) central, sympathetic
c) parasympathetic, sympathetic
d) central, peripheral
c) parasympathetic, sympathetic
Myoglobin content is ___ in Type l fibers and ____ in Type ll fibers.
a) low, low
b) high, high
c) low, high
d) high, low
d) high, low
Which of the following is not a function of connective tissue of muscle?
a) to help transfer force through tendon to bone
b) to prevent signals from spreading to adjacent fibers
c) to stabilize and support the muscle
d) to protect against the overly elastic component of muscle
d) to protect against the overly elastic component of muscle
What is a function of dihydropyridine (DPH) receptors at the T tubule in muscle?
a) release calcium
b) transmit electrical signals to the neuromuscular junction
c) remove steric blocking of active sites
d) detect an electrical impulse that has crossed the neuromuscular junction
d) detect an electrical impulse that has crossed the neuromuscular junction
Force development during contraction of an isolated muscle will increase when:
a) all of them
b) more motor units are recruited
c) the velocity of contraction is decreased
d) the muscle is stimulated at a frequency that produces tetanic contraction
a) all of them
Which of the following is not mechanisms by which the body may fatigue during endurance exercise?
a) decrease in motor unit firing
b) increase in acetylcholine availability
c) increased serotonin secretion
d) glycogen depletion
b) increase in acetylcholine availability
The body controls or grades the amount of force production:
a) by recruiting all or none of the motor units
b) by changing fibers between type l and type ll
c) due to the uniformity in motor unit size
d) through motor unit summation and rate coding
d) through motor unit summation and rate coding
What parts/function of a muscle fiber does not require energy in the form of ATP?
a) calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
b) sodium potassium pump in sarcolemma
c) cocking of the myosin head
d) myelin sheath
d) myelin sheath
a) sprinter
b) shot putter
c) marathon runner
d) high jumper
c) marathon runner