Memory
"I know it! It's um . . . um . . . It starts with 'G'," begins a trivia-game contestant excitedly. The contestant is falling prey to
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
Which of the following would be a good way to help the brain remember information for a presentation the next day?
go to bed early enough to get enough sleep
eat a large snack before going to bed
walk away from the work and play a video game
stay up all night practicing and trying to memorize it
go to bed early enough to get enough sleep
The ________Blank is the colored part of the eye.
Iris
A pet owner always takes their dog out for a walk in the morning. Whenever the dog sees the leash, it instantly gets very excited about going for a walk. In this scenario, the dog has learned to associate the leash with going for a walk through
classical conditioning.
Motivated forgetting is usually associated with
Traumatic Memories
Which of the following occurs when you focus on what a friend is saying rather than the people walking down the street or the cars passing by?
divided attention
processing
selective attention
multitasking
selective attention
Which theory of dreaming proposes a connection between waking thoughts and dreams?
cognitive theory
In the context of the opponent-process theory of color vision, afterimages are
sensations that remain once a stimulus is removed.
Operant conditioning is a form of learning that
focuses on the association between behaviors and the stimuli that follow them.
An elementary school teacher rewards students who pay attention and participate in class with stickers that can be turned in for an ice cream at the end of the week. What is the teacher using?
Positive Reinforcement
________Blank memory refers to a special form of episodic memory that consists of a person's recollections of their life experiences.
Autobiographical
Which of the following is the name for the normal daily cycles that include fluctuations in temperature and blood sugar levels in the body?
circadian rhythms
Which of the following explains the ability of an animal to distinguish among sight, sound, odor, taste, and touch?
The senses undergo a process known as synaesthesia that describes an experience in which one sense induces an experience in the same sense.
Sensory neurons, unlike other neurons, do not follow the all-or-nothing principle.
Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways.
The receptor holds the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain.
Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways.
A driver buckles their seatbelt so they do not have to hear the annoying buzzer. What is this an example of?
negative reinforcement
The factor that differentiates top-down processing from bottom-up processing is that top-down processing...
starts with cognitive processing in the brain.
Which of the following is true of sensory memory?
Sensory memory holds information within time frames of a fraction of a second to several seconds.
Sensory memory processes all the information encountered by a person.
Sensory memory holds information in time frames of 30 seconds or more.
Sensory memory is brief and without detail.
Sensory memory holds information within time frames of a fraction of a second to several seconds.
Jet lag may be best explained by
the effect of time shifts on circadian rhythms.
In the context of sensation and perception, specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to afferent nerves and the brain are called
sensory receptors.
In operant conditioning, a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur is known as a(n)
Punishment
________refers to the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in the middle.
The serial position effect
Which of the following statements about the retrieval of memory is true?
Retrieval depends on the way a memory was encoded and retained.
Retrieval is not affected by how a memory was encoded.
Retrieval takes place after the information is encoded and before it is stored.
Retrieval precedes the process of information rehearsal.
Retrieval depends on the way a memory was encoded and retained.
Falling asleep suddenly while talking to a friend is most likely an example of which sleep disorder?
narcolepsy
Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX). That we perceive three pairs of Xs most likely reflects the Gestalt principle of
proximity.
Is the following statement True or False in reference to Classical Conditioning:
It is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an innately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
TRUE
The ________Blank theory of perception states that detection of sensory stimuli depends on a variety of factors besides the physical intensity of the stimulus and the sensory abilities of the observer.
signal detection