Chapter 4
Chronic metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity are strongly linked to
Lifestyle choices
Death from an asthma attack is uncommon, but bronchorestricting response to exercise occurs in ______ of asthmatics
90%
This autoimmune disease primarily affects joints and can lead to exercise‐induced flare ups of pain and inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis
In clients with this disorder, demyelination in the central nervous system leads to varied motor, sensory and fatigue symptoms and necessitates pacing in exercise programs
multiple sclerosis (MS)
This developmental disorder may present with social communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors; exercise professionals should use clear, structured instructions.
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Obesity also interferes with normal appetite control caused by lack of response to leptin, a ______ hormone produced by adipose cells; exercise may reverse this problem
Satiety
The criteria for defining the severity of
asthma include.....(list 2 of the 3)
The frequency of nocturnal
awakenings, level of lung function defined
by forced expiratory volume in the first
second (FEV1), and the frequency of use
of medication.
There is no cure for RA; the main goal is to...
control inflammation and minimize pain
Because of muscle tone and spasticity issues in this condition, exercise programs must emphasize safe movement patterns, posture and flexibility
Cerebral Palsy
Clients with this neurocognitive disorder often experience memory impairment, diminished executive functioning and can benefit from exercise to slow progression
Alzheimer’s disease / dementia
With the obesity population, the exercise professional should focus on increasing ________ and _______ before increasing _________
duration, frequency, intensity
General recommendations for this condition include aerobic exercise 3-5 days/week of walking or cycling for 20-60 minutes per session, ranging in intensity from 30-80% peak work rate, depending on client tolerance
Chronic Obstructive Pulmunary Disorder
Clients with this autoimmune condition often have periodic flares involving skin and joints, and may require altered exercise during flare phases.
Lupus
List the 3 types of muscular dystrophy
Spastic, athetoid-dyskinetic, ataxic.
For clients with intellectual disabilities, it is important to give them this type of cueing during exercise (3).
verbal, visual and tactile cueing
When combined with improved ______ in a comprehensive lifestyle modification program, _______ significantly reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in those over 55 years of age
diet & exercise
List the 5 disorders or conditions within this chapter
Asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis.
Because clients with immunologic disorders may be immunosuppressed, one exercise precaution is to avoid this type of facility environment during heightened risk
Crowded public gyms, hot sauna rooms or unsanitary equipment.
One key training strategy for neuromuscular clients is to incorporate this element to enhance motor control and functional stability
Balance/stability training or proprioceptive work
When programming for clients with cognitive impairment, sessions should include frequent breaks, simplified instructions, and this format structure to aid comprehension.
routine or consistent session format
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is...
Graves' disease
CFTR is located in cells (facilitates water transport) that line the airway, sinuses, pancreas, intestine, bile duct, sweat gland, and vas deferens, and when the CFTR is defective, secretions outside the cell are not hydrated with water. What does CFTR stand for?
Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane regulator
Research shows that ______ _____ ________ is well tolerated and improves aerobic endurance with no further damage to organs in individuals with SLE
high-intensity aerobic training
List the progressive and non-progressive disorders.
Progressive: MS, parkinson's, muscular dystrophy
Nonprogressive: Cerebral palsy, head injury and spinal cord injury.
One research‐supported benefit of exercise for cognitive disorders is improvement in these two cognitive domains.
attention and executive function