Environment
Define why sociologists view environmental problems as social problems.
Because they result from human social organization and require collective solutions.
Hidden curriculum
Question: What is it?
Unspoken lessons schools teach, like obedience and punctuality.
Medicalization
Question: What does this process involve?
Defining non-medical issues as medical problems.
Family
Question: How do sociologists define it?
A group of people who take responsibility for each other’s needs.
Structural functionalism
Question: How does it view families?
As essential for social stability and socialization.
Sustainable development
Question: What does this term mean?
Meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
Tracking
Question: Define this practice and its effect.
Grouping students by perceived ability, often reinforcing inequality.
Sick role
Question: What does this concept mean?
Expectations for sick individuals to seek treatment and avoid blame.
Coverture
Question: What was this legal doctrine?
A wife’s legal identity was absorbed into her husband’s.
Externalities
Question: What are they?
Costs or benefits that affect third parties but aren’t included in decision-making.
Ecological footprint
Question: What does this measure?
How much land and resources are needed to sustain human consumption.
Conflict theory in education
Question: What does it argue?
Education perpetuates inequality through funding gaps and biased practices.
Fundamental cause theory
Question: What does it explain?
Socioeconomic status shapes health outcomes by controlling access to resources.
Defense of Marriage Act
Question: What did it state?
Defined marriage as between one man and one woman.
Paradigm shift theory
Question: What does it explain?
The shift from human dominance to ecological awareness.
Overshoot
Question: What does this term describe?
Using resources faster than the Earth can regenerate them.
Symbolic interactionism in schools
Question: What does this perspective focus on?
Micro-level interactions like labeling and teacher expectations.
Food desert
Question: What is it?
An area with limited access to affordable, healthy food.
Intensive mothering
Question: What does this term mean?
A parenting style requiring mothers to devote extensive time and resources to children.
Intersectionality
Question: What does this concept mean?
Overlapping identities like race, class, and gender shape experiences.
Human Exemptionalist Paradigm (HEP)
Question: What does this worldview assume?
Humans are separate from nature and should dominate it.
Brown v. Board of Education
Question: Why is this case significant?
It declared school segregation unconstitutional in 1954.
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Question: What was its main goal?
Expand health coverage and reduce the number of uninsured Americans.
Second shift
Question: What does this refer to?
Housework and childcare done after paid work.