peptidoglycan synthesis
This molecule carries peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane.
What is bactoprenol?
This factor allows RNA polymerase to recognize promoter.
What is sigma factor?
This sequence allows ribosome binding.
What is Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? Which one requires energy?
The process of __Catabolism_____ takes an energy source and breaks it down. These pathways generally require/don’t require energy. (circle the correct answer)
The process of __Anabolism____ builds complex molecules from simpler units. These pathways generally require/don’t require energy. (circle the correct answer)
what has to be used up first before the lac operon can begain?
glucose
This must be removed from bactoprenol before it can transport another precursor.
What is phosphate group?
This term describes the complete RNA polymerase enzyme including sigma factor.
What is holoenzyme?
This amino acid starts bacterial proteins.
What is fMet?
oxidative phosphorylation, tca cycle, and glycolysis are examples of what electron acceptor?
exogenous electron acceptor.
This protein binds the operator to block transcription of the lac operon.
What is LacI repressor?
This is the correct order of peptidoglycan synthesis locations.
What is cytoplasm → membrane → periplasm?
This termination uses hairpin loop.
What is rho-independent termination?
Where do transcription and translation occur in ecoli?
In the same cellular compartments
endogenous electron acceptor
This molecule activates CAP when glucose levels are low.
What is cAMP?
This intermediate forms when UDP-NAM-pentapeptide binds bactoprenol.
This intermediate forms when UDP-NAM-pentapeptide binds bactoprenol.
What is the initiation factor in prokayotes?
Promoter (Pribnow box; TATAAT at -10) + sigma factor
This ribosomal site is where charged tRNA first binds during elongation.
What is A site?
This enzyme breaks lactose into ____ and _____.
beta-galactosidase (lacZ)
glucose and galactose
What is the difference between lactose and tryptophan? Explain what happens to DNA transcription for each when they are bound to the repressor?
lactose is an inducer so when it is bound to the repressor transcription will happen
tryptophan is a corepressor so when it is bound to the repressor transcription does not happen
A drug blocks removal of terminal D-alanine residue.
This step cannot occur.
What is transpeptidation?
RNA polymerase core enzyme binds DNA but transcription does not initiate efficiently.
This transcription component is MOST likely missing.
What is sigma factor?
This enzyme attaches amino acid to tRNA.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the net yield of glycolysis and what is the net yield of the TCA cycle?
Per 1 glucose molecule:
Products:
2 ATP (net)
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
TCA cycle
Yield per ONE turn (per acetyl-CoA):
3 NADH
1 FADH₂
1 ATP (or GTP)
2 CO₂
This condition results in the highest level of lac operon expression.
What is high lactose and low glucose?