Physical
This gland regulates the rate of physical growth in early childhood.
What is the pituitary gland?
When a child says “foots” instead of “feet,” they are applying a rule too broadly.
What is overregularization?
Comforting a friend who lost a toy by offering them your own snack demonstrates this prosocial behavior.
What is altruistic (prosocial) behavior?
A classroom that encourages children to explore materials and discover principles on their own reflects this Piagetian principle.
What is discovery learning?
Pretending to run a zoo with assigned roles is this advanced type of play.
What is sociodramatic play?
After age 2, growth slows to an average yearly gain of about this much in height and weight.
What is 2–3 inches and about 5 pounds per year?
Understanding that liquid quantity stays the same when poured into a different-shaped container reflects mastery of this concept.
What is conservation?
Withdrawing to calm down after being excluded from play shows this aspect of self-control.
What is effortful control?
When an adult provides hints and structured support to help a child solve a problem, this Vygotskian strategy is being used.
What is scaffolding?
Talking out loud to guide one’s own behavior is now called this type of speech.
What is private speech?
Extreme emotional deprivation that results in stunted growth and low growth hormone production is called this.
What is psychosocial dwarfism?
Predicting where someone will look for an object based on that person’s mistaken belief demonstrates understanding of this.
What is false belief?
Allowing children too much independence before they are ready reflects this parenting style.
What is permissive parenting?
Learning that occurs when a teacher guides children within their zone of proximal development is called this.
What is assisted discovery?
A child who enjoys rhyming and manipulating sounds is demonstrating this early literacy skill.
What is phonological awareness?
The leading cause of death among children in industrialized nations falls into this category.
What are unintentional injuries?
When a child quickly connects a new word to its meaning after minimal exposure, they are using this language-learning strategy.
What is fast-mapping?
A preschooler describing themselves with concrete traits like possessions and activities is developing this.
What is self-concept?
When a teacher helps a child reconsider whether a peer meant harm, she is targeting this step in Crick and Dodge’s model.
What is interpreting social cues?
Understanding that a model, map, or picture represents something else reflects mastery of this concept.
What is dual representation?
During early childhood, girls tend to outperform boys slightly in this type of motor skill.
What are fine motor skills?
According to Piaget, the most significant change in the preoperational stage is growth in this ability.
What is representational thought (symbolic thinking)?
A child decides an action is wrong only if they are caught and punished. This level of moral reasoning is called this.
What is preconventional morality?
Neo-Piagetian theorists combine stage theory with this emphasis on task-specific cognitive change.
What is information-processing?
Repeatedly exposing a picky eater to new foods without pressure is the recommended strategy because it supports this principle.
What is gradual exposure (or repeated exposure without coercion)?