Skin
What tissues make up each layer of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis)?
a. Stratified squamous epithelium, adipose, dense irregular connective tissue
b. Simple squamous epithelium, dense irregular connective tissue, adipose
c. Stratified squamous epithelium, dense irregular connective tissue, adipose
d. Stratified cuboidal epithelium, dense collagen, adipose
c. Stratified squamous epithelium, dense irregular connective tissue, adipose
A type of gland that secretes sebum is called a
a. Eccrine gland
b. Ceruminous gland
c. Apocrine gland
d. Sebaceous gland
e. Merocrine gland
d. Sebaceous gland
The role of osteocytes is to
a. Secrete chemicals required for bone maintenance
b. Differentiate into osteoblasts
c. Deposit bone until they are trapped and become osteoblasts
d. Break down bone matrix by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes
a. Secrete chemicals required for bone maintenance
If excessive growth hormone is secreted before the closure of the epiphyseal plate during childhood, which condition may occur?
a. Acromegaly
b. Osteogenesis imperfecta
c. Achondroplasia
d. Gigantism
e. Rickets
d. Gigantism
a. Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
b. Corneum, lucidum, spinosum, granulosum, basale
c. Lucidum, corneum, spinosum, granulosum, basale
d. Basale, corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum
a. Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
The type of hair on a fetus would be
a. Terminal hair
b. Vellus hair
c. Laungo
d. Lightly pigmented
c. Laungo
The outermost surface of a bone is
a. Endosteum
b. Compact bone
c. Periosteum
d. Lamellae
e. Epiosteum
c. Periosteum, a layer of dense irregular connective tissue richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves
Which of these methods may be used to prevent osteoporosis?
a. Engaging in weight-baring exercises
b. Avoiding high cholesterol
c. Avoiding habits that put pressure on bones, like cracking joints, or sitting in one position for too long
d. Removing the tumor that causes it
a. Engaging in weight-baring exercises
Which of the following cells are associated with light touch and can be found in the epidermis?
a. Keratinocytes
b. Langerhans cells
c. Melanocytes
d. Pacinian corpuscles
e. Merkel cells
e. Merkel cells
Which of these describes the nail matrix?
a. A part of the nail with actively dividing epithelial cells
b. The most obvious part of the nail
c. The most lateral part of the nail
d. The slightly more opaque region near the proximal nail fold
Trabeculae is found
a. In the medullary cavity
b. In the epiphyses of long bones
c. In the periosteum
d. In the endosteum
e. In the epiphyseal plate
b. In the epiphyses
In general, the most dangerous type of skin cancer is
a. Basal cell carcinoma
b. Malignant melanoma
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Colorectal cancer
e. Benign mole
b. Malignant melanoma
Which of the following statements is false? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
a. Albinism results in a lack of skin pigmentation and a greatly increased risk of keratinocyte DNA damage from UV radiation
b. Keratinocytes play a critical role in protecting the skin from UV radiation
c. The dermis is highly vascular
d. Apocrine glands release sweat primarily for thermoregulation during exercise
e. One of the functions of the skin is vitamin D synthesis
b. Keratinocytes play a critical role in protecting the skin from UV radiation
d. Apocrine glands release sweat primarily for thermoregulation during exercise
Which of the following glands is inaccurately matched to its secretions?
a. Eccrine - perspiration
b. Apocrine - pheromones
c. Sebaceous - sebum
d. Ceruminous - wax
e. Holocrine - hormones
e. Holocrine - hormones
The primary component of the inorganic matrix is
a. hydroxyapatite crystals
b. osteoid
c. proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins
d. collagen fibers
a. hydroxyapatite crystals
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. Osteoporosis is more common among women because of hormonal changes after reaching menopause
b. Osteomyelitis is a disorder that causes decrease in bone density and is associated with age
c. Parathyroidism is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands secrete too much PTH. A symptom of this disease would be lowered blood Ca2+ levels
d. Severe hypoxia can cause a purple or blue color in the skin, called cyanosis
c. Parathyroidism is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands secrete too much PTH. A symptom of this disease would be lowered blood Ca2+ levels.
The most significant determination of skin color is
a. Genetics determine the amount of melanocytes in the skin
b. Melanocyte activity and variable amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin
c. How much time is spent in the sun
d. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis of the skin
e. The activity of keratinocytes
b. Melanocyte activity and variable amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Your eyebrows, eyelashes, and the hair on your head all grow at different rates
b. The arrector pili is a skeletal muscle that attaches to the dermal root sheath and contracts in response to cold or strong emotions such as fear
c. The melanocytes in a person with blonde hair produce less melanin than a person with brown hair
d. Botox contains a toxin that temporarily paralyzes facial muscles, causing the skin over them to appear smoother
e. The distal part of the nail is attached to the underlying nail bed by an accumulation of stratum corneum referred to as the hyponychium
b. The arrector pili is a skeletal muscle that attaches to the dermal root sheath and contracts in response to cold or strong emotions such as fear
Which of the following is true?
a. Ossification is the same as bone remodeling
b. Osteomyelitis is a condition in which bone density is decreased, usually associated with age
c. One way that endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification differ is that the latter of the two results in long bones, such as the femur
d. Spongy bone contains trabeculae which do not contain osteons, but do contain osteocytes
d. Spongy bone contains trabeculae which do not contain osteons, but do contain osteocytes
Which of the following fractures would most likely occur in the elderly or those with reduced bone mass?
a. Avulsion
b. Greenstick
c. Spiral
d. Compression
e. Impacted
d. Compression