Criminology
A set of ideas used to explain why a particular behavior or phenomenon occurs
What is theory?
When a person experiences victimization again after already being victimized once.
What is revictimization?
_____ efforts include education, job skills, and mental health programming.
What is rehabilitation?
What is issue identification?
A good scientific theory must be supported by this type of research evidence rather than personal opinions.
What is empirical evidence?
These criminological theories focus on LARGE-SCALE social explanations for crime, such as poverty, inequality, or social institutions.
What are macro theories?
This term describes when someone experiences multiple types of victimization.
What is poly-victimization?
_____ efforts include the use of punishment to stop individuals from committing future crimes.
What is deterrence?
Which branch of government generally has the greatest influence over CJ policy?
What is congress?
This characteristic of a theory refers to how well it is supported by research findings and scientific studies.
What is empirical validity?
This school of criminology argues that individuals commit crimes based on free will and rational decision making.
What is the classical school?
A person who did not contribute to their victimization is any way.
What is an innocent victim?
What term describes theories that are concise and easy to understand?
What is parsimony?
During moral panics, these actors are often portrayed as protectors of society and the moral order.
Who are the law enforcers?
What is scope?
Merton argued that crime occurs when there is a gap between cultural ___ and legitimate ___ used to achieve them.
What are goals and means?
This hypothesis suggests that people believe victims get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
What is the just-world hypothesis?
This theory argues that everyday patterns of behavior and activities influence a person's risk of victimization.
What is lifestyle theory?
What does it mean when a theory makes sense and aligns with criminological views?
What is logical consistency?
When criminologists test a theory by collecting data and examining patterns in crime, they are using this type of method.
What is the scientific method?
According to Agnew's General Strain Theory (GST), strain can come from 3 major sources. Name them.
Failure to achieve positively valued goals
Loss of positive stimuli
Presence of negative stimuli
In moral panic theory, the individuals or groups portrayed as the main threat to society are called this.
What are folk devils?
Name all three elements required for crime to occur according to Routine Activities Theory (RAT).
Motivated ofender
Suitable target
Absence of a capable guardian
Someone who pretends they are victim but is not one.
What are imaginary victims?
Why do criminologists prefer theories that can be tested rather than ideas that cannot be scientifically examined?
Short answer: allows researchers to collect evidence and determine whether a theory accurately explains crime.