Chapter 5
_____ is one of our photoreceptors and allows us to perceive color.
Cones
Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavolv
This type of schema makes assumptions about how people in certain roles will behave.
Role schema
This term is, in its simplest form, thinking.
Cognition
The 3 bones found in the middle ear are called the three _____.
Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
A stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response is called _____.
Neutral stimulus
These are the categories of information, images, ideas, or memories in our brain. They are comparable to "filing cabinets."
Concepts
This famous experiment showed us that children learn by watching adults.
The Bobo Doll experiment
Which Gestalt principle is this:
The idea that things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together.
Principle of proximity
In operant conditioning, this term means to decrease behavior.
Punishment
The Case of Genie highlighted the importance of this limited developmental window for acquiring language.
The critical period.
Micah wakes up in the middle of the night and reaches for his water. He can see shapes but not color.
He is relying on this type of photoreceptor.
Rods
Gymnast Mia relies on this sense to maintain balance on the beam.
After being stung by a bee as a child, Mariana now runs away in fear when she sees a wasp.
This learning concept explains her reaction.
Stimulus generalization
While shopping for a car, Alex sees the original price listed as $30,000, then focuses on that number when judging whether the discounted price of $25,000 is a good deal.
This cognitive bias is influencing Alex’s decision.
Anchoring bias
After seeing his classmate get in trouble for cheating, Jason decides not to cheat on his own test.
This learning process is occurring.
Vicarious punishment
While studying, Mia notices she can only hear a very soft buzzing sound about 50% of the time it occurs. This example demonstrates this concept in sensation.
Absolute threhshold
Instead of rewarding only the final behavior, reinforcement is given for behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired action.
This operant conditioning technique is called this.
Shaping
Name and describe the three types of intelligence in Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Practical: "Street Smarts"
Analytical: "Book Smarts"
Creative: "Imagination & Innovation"
Even though twins Maya and Leo have the same genetic potential for intelligence, Maya thrives in a stimulating school environment while Leo struggles in a poorly resourced one.
This theory explains how genes set potential but the environment determines the outcome.
Range of reaction