Chapter 5
Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Process of enhancing retention of a large amount of information by breaking it down into smaller parts; helps with retaining information.
What is chunking?
Sudden perception of a collusion to a problem (an "Aha!" moment).
What is insight?
The age that children enter the 'concrete operational stage' in Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
What is 7?
What is a teratogen?
Positive or Negative: The punishment of a response by the ADDITION of an unpleasant stimulus.
What is positive punishment?
Memory that involves conscious recall of facts and events.
What is explicit memory?
If I only look for feedback that will support what I already believe to be true, this is known as?
What is confirmation bias?
Theory that emphasizes the role of others and the importance of social and cultural interaction in cognitive development.
What is Lev Vygotsky's theory?
The biological unfolding of the organism according to its genetic code.
What is maturation?
Classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.
What is vicarious (observational) conditioning?
Name the 3-step process of memory.
What is encoding, storage, and retrieval?
Term used to describe individuals judging the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to the prototype in their minds.
What is a representative heuristic?
Mental concepts formed by children as they experience new situations and events.
What is a schema?
What is grasping, rooting, blinking, startle responses, etc.?
Consequences that either strengthen or weaken a behavior.
What are reinforcers and punishers?
One way to promote memory retrieval.
What is priming? What are retrieval cues?
The tendency to perceive objects as limited to the customary functions they serve. For example, Ariel the Mermaid coming her hair with a fork.
What is functional fixedness?
Innate patterns of response that are specific to a member of a species (a baby's rooting and sucking).
What are instinctive behaviors?
Give the 3 types of attachment by psychologist Mary Ainsworth.
What is insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, and secure attachment styles?
Give an example of negative reinforcement.
What is buckling your seatbelt to avoid a car dinging? What is taking away a child's chore because they kept their room clean all week?
Loss or impairment of the ability to form or store new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
The tendency to rely on strategies that previously worked well in similar situations.
What is a mental set?
Give an example of scaffolding.
What is an experienced bowler helping an inexperienced bowler develop a sick strike technique?
What are identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, ego integrity vs despair, etc.?