Speciation
Defines species as one or more populations whose members interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring.
Biological species concept
These types of organisms are more likely to be in the fossil record because they go through the process of sedimentation.
Aquatic organisms
This is used to determine which organisms are most closely related to each other on a phylogenetic tree.
The most recent common ancestor
(T/F) Biological races are populations of a single species that have diverged from each other and cannot produce viable offspring.
False
What are the three distinct stages of speciation.
1. Population Separation
2. Divergence
3. Reproductive Isolation
The tailbone of a human is an example of this type of trait.
A vestigial trait
(T/F) Phylogenetic trees are perfect representations of how organisms evolved and descended from a common ancestor.
False
(T/F) Most alleles are largely concentrated in certain parts of the world.
False
(most alleles are widely distributed around the world)
This is the idea that interacting species impose selection on each other.
Coevolution
Birds and mosquitoes have both developed wings due to similar environmental pressures, but they do not have a recent common ancestors, and their respective recent common ancestors do not have wings. This displays the idea of____.
Convergent evolution
Where are taxa located on a phylogenetic tree?
The tips of branches
This type of natural selection is seen through the heterozygous advantage of being heterozygous for sickle cell anemia in areas where malaria is prevalent.
Balancing selection
The hybrid embryos of sheep and goats die in the early developmental stages before birth, this is an example of what type of reproductive isolation barrier?
Post-zygotic reduced hybrid viability
What are the three types of homologies that serve as evidence that species are related?
Can be determined using the one-snip test.
A monophyletic group
The events responsible for genetic similarities in world human populations.
Natural selection and constant gene flow
An example of this mechanism of allopatric speciation is when Arizona's Grand Canyon formed, squirrels and other small mammals that had once been part of a single population could no longer contact and reproduce with each other across this new geographic barrier. They could no longer interbreed.
Vicariance
The rapid emergence and diversification of mammals and other taxa after the extinction of the dinosaurs is an example of adaptive radiation, but could also be described as......
Punctuated equilibrium
Chickens, turkeys and lizards would be considered what type of group? (refer to slide 5)
Paraphyletic group
(T/F) There are not "race" specific genes, but traits may be shared by groups due to natural selection, drift
True