Nationalism
This alphabet replaced the Arabic script in Turkey as part of Atatürk’s modernization efforts.
What is the Latin alphabet?
These two colonial powers controlled former Ottoman Arab lands under League of Nations mandates after WWI.
Who are Britain and France?
This leader founded the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923 and introduced sweeping secular reforms
Who is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk?
This 1921 political event brought Reza Khan to national prominence and control of the military.
What is the 1921 Iranian Coup e'etat
Atatürk abolished this institution in 1924, ending the political power of Islamic leadership in Turkey.
What is the Caliphate?
This British-owned company’s oil interests were nationalized by Mossadegh, triggering the crisis
What is the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
This 1917 British document expressed support for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine.
What is the Balfour Declaration?
This military officer seized power in a 1921 coup and later became Iran’s شاه (shah) in 1925
Who is Reza Shah Pahlavi
This dynasty ruled Iran from 1789 until it was replaced by the Pahlavi dynasty in 1925.
What is the Qajar Dynasty
This term describes a collective community in Israel traditionally based on agriculture.
What is a Kibbutz?
This major infrastructure project, completed in 1938, connected the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf.
What is the trans-Iranian Railway
This secret 1916 agreement divided Ottoman Arab lands into British and French spheres of influence.
What is Sykes-Picot?
In 1935, this name was officially requested for international use instead of “Persia.”
What is Iran?
This CIA-backed operation in 1953 overthrew Iran’s democratically elected prime minister.
What is Operation Ajax?
The kibbutz movement grew out of this political and cultural movement advocating a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
What is Zionism
This reform required men to adopt Western-style clothing, including banning traditional headgear like the fez.
What is the Hat Law?
This series of letters between 1915–1916 promised Arab independence in exchange for revolt against the Ottomans.
What is the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence?
This Iranian prime minister nationalized the oil industry, prompting British and American intervention.
Who is Mohammed Mossadegh?
This U.S. president approved the operation as part of a broader Cold War containment strategy.
Who is Dwight Eisenhower?
This political movement led to the 1906 establishment of a constitution and parliament under the Qajars
What is the Persian Constitutional Revolution?
This ideology promoted unity and independence among Arab peoples, especially in the 20th century.
What is Arab Nationalism
This North African country was invaded by France in 1830 and later treated as an extension of France rather than just a colony
What is Algeria
This Egyptian military officer became a major political figure and key player in Arab Nationalism
Who is Gamal Abdel Nasser?
This U.S. intelligence agency operative helped orchestrate Operation Ajax during the Cold War
Who is Kermit Roosevelt
This man is considered one of the main intellectual founders of modern Arab nationalism in the early 20th century and transformed public education in Iraq.
Who is Sati Al Husri?