Exam 2 - Review

IM

100

What is the angle of the IM injection? 

90° — dart in quickly

200

What is the Guage of an IM injection? 

20G–23G ⚠️ Emaciated/child: 23-28G, ⅝"

300

What is the length of an IM injection for the following? 

Regular 

Emaciated 

Obses 

1"–3" 

⚠️ Emaciated: ⅝" 

⚠️ Obese: up to 3"

400

What is the best injection site to use for Infants/children under walking age? What is the max injection for Children and for infants on this site? 

Vastus Lateralis -

Children: 1 mL 

Infants: 0.5 mL

500

Do you need to aspirate in this injection 

No

SubQ

100

What is the angle of a SubQ injection? 

45° (90° if thick fat)

200

What is the gauge and needle length of SubQ injections + max volume? 

23-28G

⅝"–⅞"

1mL max 

300

Where do we administer Heparin and Insulin? 

Heparin = lower abdomen ONLY ⚠️ 

Insulin = arm, abdomen, thigh — rotate

400

Do we aspirate this type of injection?

No — do NOT aspirate (heparin, insulin especially)

500

Your patient is obese. What angle should you give your injection? 

90

Pharma-whatevers

100

What are the phases of Pharmacokinetics? 

Absorption 

Distribution

Metabolism 

Excretion 

200

When would something be subtherapeutic?

Something is considered subtherapeutic (or at a sub-therapeutic level) when a drug, vitamin, or treatment is administered at a dosage or concentration that is too low to produce the intended medical effect

300

Define: Pharmacodynamics 

How the drugs affect the body - the process by which drugs act on target cells, resulting in alterations in cellular reactions and functions 

400

List the four types of pharmacotherapeutic therapies & their reason for use 

1. Prophylactic Therapy - used to prevent illnesses

2. Empiric Therapy - based on clinical probabilities; given 

3. Acute Therapy - used for acute illnesses

4. Maintenance Therapy - used for chronic conditions and prevents progression 

 

500

When would you do a trof level? 

30 mins to an hour before you give the next dose 

Previous Exam Content

100

Explain the difference between:

 Side Effects 

 Adverse Effects 

Therapeutic Effects

• Therapeutic Effects: The specific reason you are taking the drug (e.g., an antibiotic curing an infection or a pain reliever reducing a headache). [1, 2]
• Side Effects: Unintended actions of the drug. They can be neutral, mildly bothersome (e.g., dry mouth or drowsiness), or occasionally even positive. Side effects are largely predictable and often occur because a drug acts on receptors or organs throughout the entire body, rather than just the target area. [1, 2, 3]
• Adverse Effects: Undesirable, noxious, or harmful effects. They can range from uncomfortable (like a severe skin rash) to life-threatening (like anaphylaxis or liver damage). Unlike a standard, manageable side effect, an adverse effect requires medical intervention, a dosage change, or discontinuation of the drug. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

200

A nurse calculates a dose of 0.4375 mL. What is the correctly rounded answer?

The correctly rounded answer is 0.44 mL.

300

WEIGHT

1 kg= ? lbs

1 kg= ? g

1 g= ? mg

1 mg= ? mcg

1 lb= ? oz

WEIGHT

1 kg= 2.2 lbs

1 kg= 1000 g

1 g= 1000 mg

1 mg= 1000 mcg

1 lb= 16 oz

400

A child weighs 44 lbs. 

Safe dose range: 25-50 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin divided q8h. 

Order: 250 mg q8h. 

Is this safe?

1

Step 1: Convert lbs to kg: 44 ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg

2

Step 2: Safe range: Min = 25 × 20 = 500 mg/day | Max = 50 × 20 = 1000 mg/day

3

Step 3: Order = 250 mg × 3 (q8h) = 750 mg/day

4

Step 4: 750 mg/day is between 500 and 1000 → SAFE ✅

500

A pregnant patient's antibiotic is classified as Category B. This means:

Category B = no adverse effects in ANIMALS + no adequate HUMAN studies. 

Considered relatively safe.

Mixed Review

100

Define: Pharmacotherapeutics

Study of therapeutic uses and effects of drugs 

200

Order: cefazolin 500 mg IM. Reconstitute: add 2.5 mL to 1 g powder → total 3 mL. How many mL to give?

Give 1.5 mL of the reconstituted solution per dose. [1, 2]

300

Name the 3 Checks

1. First Check (Retrieval):
2. Second Check (Preparation):
3. Third Check (Bedside):

400

What is common in children & older adults for drugs? 

Metabolism 

Exretion 

500

Order: Warfarin 5 mg PO at 1700. What traditional time should the nurse give this?

5:00 PM