Food Webs & Energy
What type of organism makes its own food?
Primary Producer
What is the area between the high-tide and low-tide marks?
Intertidal zone
What are plant-like plankton called?
Phytoplankton
What term describes the physical place where an organism lives?
Habitat
What type of competition occurs between members of the same species?
Intraspecific competition
Name 2 primary producers.
Seaweed, phytoplankton, algae or seagrass
What zone remains underwater even during low tide?
Subtidal zone
What are animal-like plankton called?
Zooplankton
What term describes an organism’s role or job in its ecosystem?
Niche
What type of competition occurs between members of different species?
Interspecific competition
According to the 10% rule, how much energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
Approximately 10%
What is the open-water portion of the ocean called?
Pelagic division
What are organisms that swim freely through the water called?
Nekton
What relationship occurs when both organisms benefit?
Mutualism
Which two processes increase population size?
Births and immigration
Phytoplankton contain 6,000 calories. How many calories are available to the primary consumers that eat them?
600 calories
What division includes organisms that live on or near the seafloor?
Benthic division
How does a barnacle survive strong waves?
It has a hard shell and attaches firmly to rocks.
What relationship occurs when one organism benefits and the other is harmed?
Parasitism
Which two processes decrease population size?
Deaths and emigration
A food chain is shown below:
Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Small fish
If phytoplankton contain 5,000 calories, how many calories will be available to the small fish?
50 calories
Name two environmental challenges faced by organisms in the intertidal zone.
Strong waves, changing salinity, changing temperature, exposure to air, predators, or desiccation
A fish maintains a stable internal salt level even when the ocean’s salinity changes. What is this called?
Homeostasis
What relationship occurs when one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed?
Commensalism
A population grows rapidly and then levels off when it reaches its carrying capacity. What type of growth is this?
Logistic growth