Immune Cells & Responses
Provide and example of artificial adaptive immunity
Vaccines; Dead or attenuated pathogens; Injection of immune serum
What is the name of the "trapdoor" of the larynx that prevents food from entering the windpipe?
Epiglottis
Which lung is smaller and why?
The left lung is smaller because of the cardiac notch making room for the heart
What are the names of the major lymphatic ducts
Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic Duct
AIDS is considered an autoimmune disorder, which means what?
The body attacks its own immune cells, resulting in a weakened/compromised immune system
These T cells produce chemical agents to kill pathogens and foriegn targets
Cytotoxic T cells
What digestive organ produces and releases insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
Alveoli
What are the two major lymphatic organs?
Bone marrow and Thymus
This condition is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks insulin producing cells, resulting in the inability for the body to manage blood sugar naturally. It cannot be cured, but symptoms can be managed.
Natural killer cells use these small chemical particles to pierce the membrane of virus and cancer cells
Perforins
Which digestive organ stores bile for the emulsification of fats; that can be removed safely with minimal complications
Gallbladder
Where does the conducting zone end and the respiratory zone begin?
The conducting zone ends at the terminal bronchioles and the respiratory zone begins at the respiratory bronchioles
Fatty lymph fluid that transports lipids absorbed by the lacteals is called what?
Chyle
Dysphagia
Proteins that send chemical signals to recruit immune cells to the site of inflammation following an injury
Cytokines
What is the largest salivary gland, which is found between the skin and the masseter muscle?
Parotid gland
What cells within the respiratory epithelium of the conducting zone produce mucus?
Goblet cells
What is the major function of the spleen?
Filtering blood; Removing microbes and dead RBCs
Is Hashimoto's disease the result of an abundance or a dearth of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Lower TSH levels; Hypothyroidism
Anaphylaxis is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity response, with is initiated by what immunoglobulin (Ig)
What digestive hormone is released in the duodenum to stimulate the pancreas to produce bicarbonate to neutralize acids
Secretin
These cells secrete surfactant to reduce the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from drying out
Type II Alveolar cells
This lymphatic organ produces all kinds of blood cells, including some B and T lymphocytes
Bone marrow
Coal miners are more likely to contract "black lung" disease due to the frequent inhalation of coal dust, resulting in scar tissue accumulating in the lungs. How might this affect gas exchange in the alveoli?
Alveoli dry out and lose surface area. Fewer function alveoli leads to less efficient respiration.