BusinessInfo
Which of the following would MOST likely be considered confidential business information?
A. The job openings the company posts on its public careers page
B. A customer list with pricing terms the company has not disclosed
C. The company logo displayed on its website and products
D. A press release announcing the appointment of a new CEO
B. A customer list with pricing terms the company has not disclosed
Which definition best describes discrimination in the slides?
A. Employment decisions based on factors unrelated to job performance or job relevance
B. Any employee complaint
C. Any unequal task assignment
D. Any performance evaluation
A. Employment decisions based on factors unrelated to job performance or job relevance
Which of the following is a key ethical concern when companies use AI to screen job applicants?
A. AI may reproduce bias that exists in its training data
B. AI always produces perfectly fair hiring results
C. AI removes the need for any HR employees
D. AI is unable to read or process resumes
A. AI may reproduce bias that exists in its training data
Which definition of privacy focuses on a person's ability to decide who can see information about him or her?
A. The right to be left alone
B. The right to control access to personal information
C. Having secrets remain secrets
D. Full policy disclosure
B. The right to control access to personal information
Which of the following situations is MOST clearly an example of whistle-blowing?
A. An employee complains to her manager about her own work schedule
B. A witness testifies about his employer after receiving a court subpoena
C. An employee posts an online review of the company cafeteria
D. An accountant reveals to regulators that the firm is hiding losses from investors
D. An accountant reveals to regulators that the firm is hiding losses from investors
A purchasing manager is choosing among three suppliers. One supplier is owned by the manager's spouse, and that supplier happens to offer the lowest price. The manager does not tell anyone about the relationship. Which statement is MOST accurate?
A. No conflict of interest exists because the spouse's firm offers the best price.
B. A conflict of interest exists only if the manager receives cash from the supplier.
C. The situation is mainly a violation of a noncompetition agreement.
D. A potential conflict of interest exists and should be disclosed, even if the decision is fair.
D. A potential conflict of interest exists and should be disclosed, even if the decision is fair.
Judging a person to be highly intelligent simply because they are "nice" and you have a positive overall impression of them is an example of:
A. The Halo Effect
B. Self-Serving Bias
C. Internal Causal Attribution
D. The Glass Cliff
A. The Halo Effect
A company lets an AI system automatically assign shifts and send warning notices to employees, and no manager reviews these decisions. Which AI facet is MOST central?
A. Inscrutability
B. Learning
C. Autonomy
D. Augmentation
C. Autonomy
A company installs software that records every keystroke on employees' work computers, but its policy only says that "company devices may be monitored." What is the main ethical problem?
A. Employees are not clearly told which activities and technologies are monitored.
B. Employers are never allowed to monitor company owned devices.
C. Recording keystrokes on any computer is always illegal.
D. There is no problem, because employees have no privacy at work.
A. Employees are not clearly told which activities and technologies are monitored.
An engineer discovers a serious safety defect in her company's product. Before going to the media, what is she generally expected to do?
A. Wait until a court orders her to testify
B. Report the concern through appropriate internal channels, unless that would be futile
C. Obtain written approval from a competitor
D. Post the information anonymously on social media
B. Report the concern through appropriate internal channels, unless that would be futile
Ronald Duska challenges the standard view of whistle-blowing by arguing that:
A. Loyalty is owed to the business above all else.
B. Whistle-blowers are always inherently disloyal employees.
C. There is no true loyalty owed to a business, so whistle-blowing needs no special justification.
D. Employees should only blow the whistle if legally compelled by the courts.
C. There is no true loyalty owed to a business, so whistle-blowing needs no special justification.
James discovers that he is paid more than a coworker who works harder and produces more. Rather than feeling uncomfortable, he convinces himself that his own ideas are more valuable than hers. Which option BEST describes James's situation and reaction?
A. Negative inequity; leaving the situation
B. Negative inequity; changing the referent other
C. Positive inequity; reducing his own outcomes
D. Positive inequity; distorting his perception of inputs
D. Positive inequity; distorting his perception of inputs
An AI hiring tool never uses applicants' gender as an input. However, it gives heavy weight to certain hobbies that are strongly correlated with gender, and it ends up rejecting far more women than men. Which statement BEST explains the ethical problem?
A. There is no discrimination because gender was never used as an input.
B. The problem is only inscrutability, since the tool cannot be explained.
C. The tool is fair as long as the developers did not intend to discriminate.
D. Correlated variables can act as proxies and produce unfair outcomes without the protected trait.
D. Correlated variables can act as proxies and produce unfair outcomes without the protected trait.
As part of a voluntary wellness program, employees receive free fitness trackers. Months later, the employer begins using employees' step counts in annual performance reviews. Which analysis BEST reflects the ethical tension?
A. This is acceptable because the employer paid for the fitness trackers.
B. This is a concern only if the step data are posted publicly online.
C. Data collected for one purpose are used for an unrelated decision without a job related need.
D. This is acceptable because physical activity data are never private.
C. Data collected for one purpose are used for an unrelated decision without a job related need.
A junior analyst learns that a department she has never worked with is falsifying safety reports. According to Michael Davis's complicity theory, which statement is MOST accurate?
A. Her obligation under complicity theory is weaker, because her own work does not contribute to the wrongdoing.
B. She is strongly obligated, because every employee who knows about wrongdoing is equally complicit.
C. She must remain silent, because Ronald Duska argues employees owe full loyalty to the business.
D. She is obligated to speak only if she will receive a financial reward from regulators.
A. Her obligation under complicity theory is weaker, because her own work does not contribute to the wrongdoing.