Lifespan Moves
An infant automatically closes the mouth around a nipple and begins sucking. Identify this type of movement.
What is a reflexive movement?
A therapist records four successful catches out of six attempts. Is the recording considered assessment or evaluation?
What is assessment?
A radar device cannot detect throws below 12 mph. Throws at 5 and 9 mph both produce no reading. Name the measurement limitation.
What is a floor effect?
A learner recites every step of a skill but struggles to perform it. Name the knowledge demonstrated and explain the gap.
What is declarative knowledge, which does not guarantee skilled execution?
A preschooler struggles with a long technical explanation of stepping over an obstacle. Give one age-appropriate instruction and explain why it may help.
What is a demonstration with a simple cue such as 'step over the puddle'?
Arrange these typical milestones in order of typical development: pulling to stand, rolling over, standing independently, sitting independently.
What is rolling, sitting independently, pulling to stand, then standing independently?
A teacher checks movement midway through a unit and changes the next practice session. Name the type of assessment.
What is formative assessment?
Two skilled throwers both earn the maximum score on a very easy target test. Name the measurement limitation.
What is a ceiling effect?
A learner makes more sequence errors while silently solving a difficult arithmetic problem. Name the competing-demand problem.
What is cognitive interference?
A child with small hands struggles to hold a large practice ball. Suggest a task modification and explain how body proportions matter.
What is using a smaller, manageable ball?
A child grows from 118 to 124 cm in one year. Name the growth curve that shows the rate of change and calculate the yearly increase.
What is a velocity curve and 6 cm per year?
An observer evaluates trunk rotation and ball speed during a throw. Identify the process measure and the product measure.
What are trunk rotation for the process and the ball speed for the product?
Two observers score one recording. Later, one observer scores it again without checking the other observer. Name the two reliability types.
What are interrater reliability and intrarater reliability?
A program offers meaningful choices, attainable challenges, and supportive partners. Name the three motivational needs it supports.
What are autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
An older adult reaches for support when entering a dim hallway. Suggest one environmental change and explain the sensory connection.
What is improving illumination and reassessing walking?
Two 72-year-olds have different balance and endurance. Explain why their birthdays alone cannot predict movement capacity.
What is individual variation in biological and functional capacity?
A child has an advanced arm action but an early stepping pattern during throwing. Name the assessment approach that captures this difference.
What is the component approach?
A client completes a standing movement faster after the chair height changes. Explain the comparison problem and why speed alone cannot determine leg strength.
What are changed testing conditions (task) and a validity concern?
A child says, 'Swimming is my strength, but catching is difficult.' Another student uses a wheelchair and is excluded from playing. Name the developmental idea and the social barrier.
What are differentiated perceptions of ability in Harter's theory and ableism?
A school-age child quits after missed catches. An older learner loses track of lengthy instructions in a noisy room. Suggest one support for each and explain why.
What are achievable catching challenges with specific feedback and manageable instructions in a quieter setting?
A new walker and an older adult both use short steps and a wide base of support. Give a plausible explanation for each pattern.
What are emerging balance control in the child and a cautious stability strategy in the older adult?
A child improves from two to five target hits after the target moves closer. What can you conclude?
What is improved performance under an easier task condition?
An eight-year-old scores at the 20th percentile and has an age-equivalent score of six years. Explain both results without overstating them.
What is at or above approximately 20% of the reference group and similarity to typical raw scores for six-year-olds on the measured skills.
A client with limited leg strength rises from a low seat in a noisy gym. Classify all three constraints and explain how two interact.
What are individual strength, task seat height, and environmental noise?
A client can generate substantial leg force but struggles to rise quickly. A higher seat helps immediately. Name the force distinction, classify the modification, and state what would support learning.
What are stregnth versus power, a task modification, and improvement that persists or transfers?